Women's Names in the First Half of
16th Century Wales

Given Names

by Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn
(Heather Rose Jones, contact@heatherrosejones.com)
copyright c 1998, all rights reserved



Given Names

The following table shows the given names in order of popularity, broken down by spelling variant.

Count      Name
15% 94 Margaret
82    Margaret
12    Margery
14% 87 Joan
37    Joan
24    Jane
9    Jenet
9    Jenett
2    Jennet
2    Johan
1    Janet
1    Jennett
1    Joanett
1    Johane
11% 68 Katherine
64    Katherine
1    Catherine
1    Catylyn
1    Katerine
1    Katherin
7% 46 Elizabeth
45    Elizabeth
1    Beton
6% 38 Agnes
30    Agnes
3    Annes
2    Nest
2    Neste
1    Annete
6% 35 Alice
   Alice
5% 30 Gwenllian
16    Gwenlliana
3    Gwenlliam
2    Gwenllyan
2    Wenllyan
1    Guenllean
1    Gwellian
1    Gwenllyen
1    Wenllean
1    Wenllian
1    Wenthlian
1    Wenthlyan
4% 23 Anne
22    Anne
1    Anna
4% 22 Maud
15    Maude
6    Maud
1    Malt
3% 21 Ellen
18    Ellen
2    Elyn
1    Eleyn

Top 10 = 75% 464

2% 13 Eleanor
11    Eleanor
2    Elynor
2% 13 Isabel
7    Isabel
1    Isabell
1    Sebill
1    Sible
1    Sibyl
1    Sybell
1    Sybyll
2% 12 Gwen
11    Gwen
1    Gwenne
2% 10 Gwenhwyfar
2    Gwenhwyvar
1    Guinevere
1    Guinivere
1    Gwenhever
1    Gwenheyvar
1    Gwenhover
1    Gwenover
1    Gwenwever
1    Gwynwever
1% 9 Lowri
3    Lowrie
3    Lowry
1    Loure
1    Loury
1    Lowrye
1% 6 Angharad
1    Angharad
1    Angharrett
1    Engharad
1    Hangharrot
1    Hegneharad
1    Ingharat
1% 6 Gweirfyl
2    Gwervyl
1    Gwerfyl
1    Gwirvill
1    Gwyrevell
1    Quevrull
1% 6 Mary
  Mary
1% 6 Rose
  Rose
1% 5 Dorothy
  Dorothy

Top 20 = 89% 550

1% 5 Juliana
   Juliana
1% 5 Lleucu
1    Lekey
1    Lleyke
1    Llyke
1    Luce
1    Lucy
1% 4 Amy
   Amy
1% 4 Cecilia
1    Cecily
1    Cicely
1    Sycyle
1    Syslye
1% 4 Christian
2    Cristyan
1    Christian/Crislye
1    Crisly
1% 4 Dyddgu
1    Dithge
1    Duthgy
1    Dyddgu
1    Dythgie
1% 4 Morfudd
2    Morvith
1    Morvyth
1    Morwyth
<1% 3 Tacy?
   Tacy
2 Alison
1    Alison
1    Alson
2 Emma
   Emma
2 Eva
   Eve
2 Ewen?
   Ewen
2 Joyce
   Joyce
1 Ange?
   Ange
1 Antonia
   Antonia
1 Beatrice
   Beatrice
1 Douce?
   Douce
1 Dyle?
   Dyle
1 Ethelred
   Ethelrede
1 Florence
   Florence
1 Fortune
   Fortune
1 Frances
   Frances
1 Goleu
   Goley
1 Gwladus
   Gwladyse
1 Jelyan?
   Jelyan
1 Judith
   Judithe
1 Ceri
   Karie
1 Llewelydd
   Lewelyth
1 Mabilia
   Mabiley
1 Marsley?
   Marsley
1 Mathilde
   Matilde
1 Myfanwy
   Mevanwy
1 Saige?
   Saige
1 Susan
   Susan
1 Tangwystl
   Tanglust
1 Tede?
   Tede

In summary, there are 616 entries, with 134 different spellings representing 56 underlying names. To the extent that I am able to compare "name diversity" in populations from different documents, this one shows a relatively low diversity, although not as low as an early 15th century study (Anglsey Submissions) taken from a geographically restricted area.

The extent to which the name pool has been taken over by English borrowings is significant. Only one name in the top ten and five in the top twenty are of Welsh origin (either linguistically or culturally). In all, there are 13 "Welsh-origin" names in the sample: Angharad, Dyddgu, Goleu, Gwenllian, Gwen, Gwenhwyfar, Gweirfyl, Gwladus, Lleucu, Llewelydd, Morfudd, Myfanwy, and Tangwystl.

For most names, there is a single highly-preferred spelling, even when a number of variants are present. Gwenhwyfar is the most notable exception to this. The following table shows this more directly, giving the name heading, the number of entries in the largest spelling group, the total number of entries for each name, and the number of different spellings for that name.

The major pattern is for a single spelling to comprise the vast majority of the entries, generally 80% or more. But certain names show a much smaller concentration, with the most popular spelling being around 50% or fewer of the entries. One thing immediately noticable is that Welsh-origin names are disproportionately represented in the "less-concentrated" pattern. Of the eight Welsh-origin names that have more than one entry, seven of them follow the less-concentrated distribution. The English-origin names that are less concentrated include Joan, Isabel, Lowri, Cecilia, Christian, and Alison. Of the top twenty most popular names, all five Welsh-origin names follow the less-concentrated pattern, as well as Joan, Isabel, and Lowri of the English-origin names.

This suggests two observations. Those recording the names appear to be considerably less familiar with Welsh names than with English (no big surprise) and more likely to invent ad hoc spellings for them. Conversely, the general rule seems to have been for names to have a single, preferred spelling and to have been recorded in a "standard" form resistant to individual whim and interpretation. There is no reason to suppose that there was any more consistancy in people's individual pronunciations of "Elizabeth" than of "Angharad", but the former was spelled identically in 45 of 46 cases (and since the exception is a diminutive, it doesn't really count) whereas the latter was spelled differently each of the six times it was recorded. The difference can only be access to a culturally-understood "standard" spelling.

Another observation is that, within the less-concentrated pattern, the number of spelling variants for a name is closely proportional to the number of examples. Within the more- concentrated pattern, there are never more than five spelling variants, however popular the name is, and more then three variants is extremely rare. So it isn't simply that there were the same number of variants possible, but certain ones were highly preferred. Rather, the two go hand in hand: fewer variant spellings were in currency and one would be highly preferred.

Name Max Total No. Spellings % Max/Total
 
Less-Concentrated Pattern
 
Joan 37 87 10 42
Gwenllian 16 30 11 53
Isabel 7 13 7 54
Gwenhwyfar 2 10 9 20
Lowri 3 9 5 33
Gweirfyl 2 6 5 33
Angharad 1 6 6 17
Lleucu 1 5 5 20
Cecilia 1 4 4 25
Morfudd 2 4 3 50
Dyddgu 1 4 4 25
Christian 2 4 3 50
Alison 1 2 2 50
 
More-Concentrated Pattern
 
Margaret 82 94 2 87
Katherine 64 68 5 94
Elizabeth 45 46 2 98
Agnes 30 38 5 79
Alice 35 35 1 100
Anne 22 23 2 96
Maud 15 22 3 68
Ellen 18 21 3 86
Eleanor 11 13 2 85
Gwen 11 12 2 92
Mary 6 6 1 100
Rose 6 6 1 100
Juliana 5 5 1 100
Dorothy 5 5 1 100
Amy 4 4 1 100
Tacy? 3 3 1 100
Ewen? 2 2 1 100
Eva 2 2 1 100
Joyce 2 2 1 100
Emma 2 2 1 100
Tede? 1 1 1
Marsley? 1 1 1
Ange? 1 1 1
Tangwystl 1 1 1
Mathilde 1 1 1
Mabilia 1 1 1
Saige? 1 1 1
Myfanwy 1 1 1
Susan 1 1 1
Judith 1 1 1
Frances 1 1 1
Goleu 1 1 1
Fortune 1 1 1
Florence 1 1 1
Ethelred 1 1 1
Douce? 1 1 1
Gwladus 1 1 1
Beatrice 1 1 1
Llewelydd 1 1 1
Dyle? 1 1 1
Jelyan? 1 1 1
Ceri 1 1 1
Antonia 1 1 1


Editted and published by Arval Benicoeur