An Armorial of 16th c. Portuguese Armory: the Livro Do Armeiro-Mor of Joao de Cros sp??? and the Livro da Nobreza of Antonio Godinho. ================================================================= Zenobia, after a long rest from heraldry I have finally gotten around to re-editing the article. The two books seem to pretty-well cover the ground for Portugeuse heraldry, and from what I can see, there is a lot of similarity to Spanish arms. i.e. Some Portuguese arms map to Spanish arms. I'm not likely to come back to the CoA anytime soon, but I will do Period Style work. Our ultimate aims differ, but I think that we can agree that this is work that needs to be done. ================================================================= re: your questions. Q: Discuss crests and mantling in Godinho? A: If Godinho has crests then include them if you want to. Du Cros just has stylized 15th c. tournament helms with decorative mantling and no crests. Q: Mullets: Also discuss artistic format: six are 'fesswise' compared to Western/SCA practice, etc. A: I hadn't noticed that Du Cros's mullets were particularly different from other mullets that I'd seen. Du Cros mullets of six have points at 0 degrees and then every 60 degrees there after. That's about like other mullets I've seen in say, "Das Consil zu Constanz". Q: Pine trees: I believe in the cant but Godinho does not distinguish in art between pine and oak trees. A: In Du Cros you can tell the difference. His pine trees aren't little wedge-shaped conifers but look more like Monterey pines. They have "needles" as part of the artistic blazon though the form isn't that different. His Oaks are a bit longer and skinnier and sometimes have acorns. Q: Marshalling per bordure? FIND OUT A: I don't have the foggiest where to start with this. In some cases I think that the bordure is more allusive than an actual marshalling attempt. For example, some cants are formed off of the charge in the bordure (Coelho, Lobos), Q: Ermine in Godinho: on silver always? Look into and discuss. All the emblazons in Du Cros use silver for argent. I think that it's a feature of the book rather than the emblazon. Q: SCA blazon convention limits 'reversing' to left-right flips not up-down. Also it generally uses it for inanimate objects only. Crescents have been fixed; look into any other uses. Note: keys by default (see picdic) are palewise, with wards to chief, and facing to dexter. Have fixed the blazons but please double-check in do Cros. A: Mea Culpa. Crescents will be inverted, keys will be fesswise. I will double check in Du Cros. Q: Discuss nomenclature for marshalling in 6 quarters, and the frequency with which it's done in the book. A: It's done rarely. I guess that I could do something like "Marshalled of six pieces...." Q: Missing pages: we should omit from consideration. I think deCros has missing pages in the listing below? I rather think that the editor of Du Cros probably filled in the missing armory from Godinho and vice versa so it isn't a valid test... A: There are to sets of missing pages in my copy of Do Cros. The one set is the arms of the 12 Worthies. The other set is a set of four Portuguese arms. However, accurate blazons have been provided of them in the index, so I feel comfortable including them, especially since they aren't that unusual. Q: Foreigners (couple in dC): omit from stylistic analysis? Granted there aren't many but the names (Dutch) are pretty obvious. A: Omit from stylistic analysis but still keep as evidence of foriegn influence. It's interesting to note that people who were long-term resident aliens in Portugual kept their own arms rather than assuming new ones. (No reason why they shouldn't I guess.) Q: Discussion of masoning. masoning is sometimes shown in Godinho but does not seem worth blazoning; it's purely an artistic detail (sometimes only visible in the 'shadowed' portions of the architecture.) A: Masoning occurs regularly in Du Cros and is as strong or stronger a stylistic element than some of the so-called ordinary lines. However, if you want to drop it (since it only appears on towers as part of a "proper" tincture) that's fine. Q: Check for typos where barry used for paly or pallets or bendy or bendlets _throughout_ in de Cros A: I'm not sure of what you mean. Of course I will check for my own typos since I was working from the emblazons. The typos from the Portuguese blazons (which might be modern) might actually be mistranslations. Q: Also check explicitly for barry vs. n barrulets. We can discuss equivalencies too but let's preserve the blazon distinction since the s.c.a. does so for up to 4 or 5 objects. OMIT blazon of 'paly of nine pieces' etc. That should be blazoned as 4 pallets. A: Alright. Q: Figure out if it's 'de Cros' or 'do Cros' A: Actually it's neither; it's du Cros. Q: Arming and membering: We are blazoning this now, why? A: I mention it because it was mentioned in the Portuguese blazons at the front of the book and most armory is simple enough that I wanted to give as much information as possible about the emblazon. It is just possible that they differenced arms by such trivia as the color of a lion's toes. Q: blazon lunels AS lunels. Easier and not hard to 'define' within sca context. Default has four crescents in cross conjoined horns inwards. A: Will do. Actually, I almost did the first time around, but I didn't want to confuse you or other people. From a political perspective it is advantageous to point out that the lunel was seen as being a separate charge from a crescent. That way the boneheads in the CoA who will want to return a Portuguese inspired device with a lunel on it for being slot-machine heraldry (4 identical charges each with a different orientation in a standard arrangement) will have less of a case. To use the flip side of the argument, the people who want to use the lunel as a justification for using for using four different identical charges in cross each with a different orientation will have less of a case. Q: Vairy: vairy bars being per fess nebuly. Vair in general appearing to be 'barry per fess nebuly' rather than modern English Vair or even standard vair ancient (in which the top of the nebuly touches the outsides of the 'bar.') A: Again, I was trying to give as much information as possible. If someone wants Portuguese vairy they should know that it didn't look like English vairy. Q: The double-cross +bordure motif in Melo, etc. A: I'd be inclined to just describe it as a "double cross throughout and a bordure..." and explain it as a unique Spanish charge. The cross of Lorraine throughout is a strain. Q: Discuss the 'heaters'. What are they? A: I don't know. I'd guess that they were little charcoal burners. The dragon's head spouts probably were heat vents and the handle, obviously was for carrying the thing. I could see how they'd be useful to heat small, chilly rooms, or to warm your feet or hands in drafty carriages, church pews (if they had such) and buildings. I'd bet that since Portugual was relatively warmer than the rest of Europe that they had less of a need for fireplaces, but they still might have wanted a hand warmer. My parent's have a colonial style heater (that looks like a tin box with a wood frame admittedly) that was used for the purposes I've described. Q: Reword so comments on Godinho are marked AND comments on do Cros are also marked. A: Will do. Q: Discuss Godinho fimbriation (thin) and intentionality (as per intro). A: Don't you mean Du Cros? I am convinced that if a line is drawn thin it was meant to be drawn thin. Each emblazon is a work of art, with lots of beautifully done internal detailing and diapering. It's not a bucket shop job like my version of _Consil zu Constanz_ which has some amazingly crude emblazons. ================================================================= My text begins.... ================================================================= The Livro Do Armeiro-Mor (The Book of the Master-Armorer) or O Livro Grande (The Great Book) as it is commonly called is a large, illustrated armorial of Portuguese arms completed in 1509. It was commissioned by King John II (Joao II) of Portugal and, according to the English summary in the facsimile edition, probably organized and illuminated by Joao du Cros, a Frenchman, who was Portugal King-of-Arms at the time the book was finished, and whose arms and seal appear on the book contract. The armorial begins with an illuminated title page bearing the arms of the Portugal King-at-Arms. This is followed with an index which begins with the Nine Worthies, the kings of various real and fanciful kingdoms, the great nobles and ecclesiastics of Europe, and finally the arms of the Portuguese nobility. In my copy of the work the pages with the arms of the Nine Worthies have been razored out so my copy of the book begins with the arms of Bertrand du Guesclin who is, presumably, the alternate Worthy. All the arms are heavily diapered with crests and stylized mantling. In some cases the diapering is sufficiently complex that it detracts from the identifiability of the arms. All blazons are my own based on my interpretation of the emblazons. Where the device is on a lozenge or an unusually shaped shield I have noted the fact before the blazon. Almost all arms have a scroll at the bottom of the shield with the name of the bearer on it. In most cases the name has been abbreviated and altered by its translation from the original language into 15th century heraldic Portuguese. I have done my best to correctly transcribe the original text that accompanies each device. My transcription follows the blazon in parentheses. Where possible, I have also listed the modern English name of the owner where I could make a reasonable guess or could confirm the arms from another source. The English name appears in brackets after the original text.) Where there are oddities in the emblazon I have listed them in brackets after the entry. Conventions of Blazoning Blazons use SCA default positions and terms whenever possible. The major peculiarity of my blazoning is that I use the term party of six to describe a field division that most heralds would blazon as per fess...overall a pale counterchanged. However, in 15th and 16th century usage, I believe that party of six was seen as being a legitimate, separate parting of the field. Since it was common practice to put a group of three charges in the default position on such fields it is much simpler to say, Party of six azure and Or, three roundels azure. than it is to say Per fess azure and Or on a pale counterchanged between in chief two roundels another roundel azure. The other oddity in my blazon is that I will blazon a group of identical or alternating charges on a bordure as a seme. This is not actually correct. In all cases in the manuscript a seme of inanimate charges is actually drawn as an orle. The charges are not staggered and are not drawns so that they are cut off by the edges of the bordure the way that they would be in a properly drawn seme. Animate charges are even more unusual. A "seme" of animals rampant will usually have the beasts rampant respectant on the dexter and sinister sides of the shield and passant to chief and to base. In all cases, the posture of the animals will be modified to conform to the line of the escutcheon, so some of the beasts aren't really in a heraldic posture at all! An accurate description of "seme of wolves passant" would have the beasties marching counter clockwise in a file around the bordure. Another regularly encountered feature of heraldry from the Iberian peninsula is the distinctive arrangement of six charges. Whereas the Anglo-Norman and Germanic default seems to be three, two, and one. The Iberian default seems to be two, two, and two making two columns of three. Larger numbers of charges are also found in pale in three columns of four, five, and four. In these cases I have blazoned the position of the charges as ...six two, two, and two... or ...13 in pale four, five and four... since these seem to be the clearest blazons. In some cases the arms are not so much arms as achievements of arms and can be quite complex. In these cases I have attempted to simplify things by putting the various quarters or impalings of the shield in parentheses. e.g. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, an orle, cross, and saltire argent chain all conjoined overall seme of bezants in orle, cross, and saltire and in fess point a quatrefoil voided Or.) 2 and 3 (Azure, three fleur-de-lys Or overall a bendlet compony argent and sable.) (Rei d navarra [King of Navarre] p. 178 In other cases I have resorted to heraldic shorthand, and have just blazoned complex devices consisting of quarters of very famous arms by name, e.g. Ancient France impaling Holy Roman Empire. I have only done this where these arms are just given as a quartering of a more complex coat of arms. Where they are listed as a separate device I have blazoned the whole device. In some cases a very famous device will be incorporated into a bordure, label or chief. In these cases I will occasionally refer to this feature by the name of the more famous device. e.g. a label of Sicily (a label with the arms of Sicily repeated on it's "points"), or a chief of Empire (a chief Or an eagle displayed sable.) The blazons of these famous arms are given below for those not familiar with them. Holy Roman Empire Or, an double-headed eagle displayed sable. Portugal Argent, five escutcheons in cross azure each charged with five plates in saltire all within a bordure gules seme of castles of three towers Or. Ancient France Azure, seme-de-lys. France Azure, three fleur-de-lys. Sicily Per saltire paly of nine pieces Or and gules and argent two eagles displayed in fess sable. Spain 1 and 4 (Quarterly 1 and 4 Gules, a castle of three towers Or. 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant purpure.) 2 and 3 (Paly of nine Or and gules. impaling Per saltire paly of nine Or and gules and argent two eagles displayed in fess sable.) and on a point pointed ploye gules a pomegranate slipped and leaved Or. Aragon Paly of nine Or and gules. Castille Gules, a castle of three towers Or. Leon Argent, a lion rampant purpure. (sometimes crowned Or.) Jerusalem Argent, a cross potenty between four crosslets potenty Or. =================================================================NEW MATERIAL TO INTRODUCTION ================================================================= CHARGES UNIQUE TO PORTUGUESE HERALDRY In several cases I encountered novel charges that as far as I know are peculiar to Portuguese heraldry. To simplify my blazons and to follow the blazons given in Du Cros I have created my own terms for the following charges: Lunel - Four crescents points to center arranged in cross. This arrangement could also be blazoned more specifically but much less elegantly as "a crescent reversed, an increscent, a decrescent and a crescent the points of each crescent touching those of its neighbors arranged in cross." The whole affair looks slightly like voided quatrefoil. The Portuguese blazons in the front of the book (which may or may not be modern) invariable describe such an arrangement of charges as a "lunel" so that's the term that I will use here. Double cross and bordure - Some arms have a peculiar double armed cross throughout with each arm seamlessly conjoined to a bordure. The double cross is not really a "cross of Lorraine" in that the cross arms are equidistant from the center point of the cross. A more precise blazon would be "a pallet and two bars and a bordure" Heaters - Another distinctive Iberian charge is the "heater" or "cauldron". These were either cooking pots or else were portable heaters of some sort. They look like either a round or flat bottomed pot with a curved handle. Sometimes the handle terminates in small dragon's heads. END ADDITIONAL TEXT TO INTRODUCTION ================================================================= ZENOBIA FIRST DRAFT (Z1) /* Godinho notes: The Godinho arms are identified by folio number, recto/verso, and a letter a/b/c/d where a is dexter chief picture, b is sinister chief, c is dexter base and d is sinister base. For example, VI/ra is folio VI, recto, armory a. IIII/vd is folio IIII, verso, armory d. I use IIII instead of IV because that is what Godinho used. */ ================================================================= COMMENT: This is a good system and I am going to use it. It would certainly make it easy to correct mistakes in numbering. ================================================================= EDITING CONVENTIONS: L1 = Lothar 1st draft (not marked unless changed.) L2 = Lothar 2nd draft Z1 = Zenobia 1st draft (not marked unless changed.) ================================================================= The Armorial 1. Per fess gules and barry Or and azure, in chief an eagle displayed argent. (Portugal King-of-Arms [Jaoa du Cros]) p. 159 i [...Josue duque, Rey Davst, Judas macabeu duque, Rey alexandre, Eytor Duque, Julyo Cesar emperador, Rey artur de Ingraterra, Carlo magno Emperador, Rey gudufroy de buihom.] L2: (pp. 165-173 removed in my copy of the text.) 2. Gules, a lion rampant Or a chief of France. (Bertram de geselym) [Bertram du Guesclin] p. 174 i 3. Or, a balance sable. (India Mayor [Greater India]) p. 175 i 4. Purpure, on a potent cross throughout Christ crucified proper. (India menor [Lesser India]) p. 175 ii 5. Argent, a cross potenty between four crosslets potenty Or. (Rei d' Jerusalem [King of Jerusalem]) p. 175 iii 6. Or, a double-headed eagle displayed sable. (Emperador d'alemha [Emperor of Germany]) p. 175 iv 7. Or, an eagle displayed sable, armed gules. (Rei dos romanaos) [King of the Romans]) p. 176 i VI/ra Z1: {Godinho shows the eagle armed gules} L2: 7. Or, an eagle displayed sable, armed gules... L2:(Du Cros shows the same.) 8. Azure, three fleur-de-lys Or. (Rei de franca [King of France]) p. 176 ii VI/rb 9. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Azure, three fleur-de-lys Or.) 2 and 3 (Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or.) (Rei d Inglatrra [King of England]) p. 176 iii VI/rd Z1: {Godinho only gives the main English arms, and emblazons them as Gules, three lions passant in pale Or. The heads are slightly in trian aspect but can't really be called "guardant" by any stretch of the imagination.} L2: (Du Cros shows the same.) 10. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, a castle of three towers Or.) 2 and 3 (Argent, a lion rampant purpure crowned Or.) (Rei d castillia [King of Castille] p. 176 iv VI/rc 11. Argent, five escutcheons in cross each charged with five plates in saltire within a bordure gules seme of castles of three towers Or. (Rei d purtugall [King of Portugal]) p. 177 i VI/va Z1: {The towers should be blazoned "Or" according to Godinho; color omitted above???} L2: (Mea Culpa, they are Or.) 12. Gules, a lion rampant queue forchee argent crowned Or. (Rei d Baheinne [King of Bohemia]) p. 177 ii 13. Azure seme-de-lys Or, a label of four points gules. (Rei d cicilia [King of Sicily]) p. 177 iii 14. Or, on a roundel sable a lion passant argent. (Soldant d babilonie [Sultan of Babylon]) p. 177 iv 15. Gules crusilly couped a cross between four annulets Or. (Rei d costentinnoble [King of Constantinople] p. 178 i {while I have blazoned this device as crusily couped, there are actually five crosslets in saltire in the first and second quarters of the shield, The third and fourth quarters have four crosslets arranged in pall. In each of the quarters the annulet encircles the centermost crosslet.} 16. Gules, a cross between four furisons palewise Or. (Rei d paliologies [King of Paleologos]) p. 178 ii {This is clearly a mistake. The Paleologos were the ruling dynasty of Constantinople, not a kingdom. The blazon for the device is more typically Gules, a cross between four furisons fesswise Or.} 17. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, an orle, cross, and saltire of chain all conjoined Or.) 2and 3 (Azure, three fleur-de-lys Or overall a bendlet compony argent and sable.) (Rei d navarra [King of Navarre] p. 178 iii VI/vd {While I have blazoned the first and fourth quarters of this device as it appears in the book, it is merely a highly stylized version of the usual arms of Navarre Gules, an orle, cross and saltire of chain all conjoined Or.} Z1: {Godinho just fives the first quarter. As drawn, every other chain link is depicted as a line (on edge) and the alternate chain 'links' are drawn as solid gold circles. The ENTIRE chain is gold; is it really partially argent in do Cros? ??? the blazon for de Cros has _got_ to omit the 'bezants' and have something discussing chain only, similarly the 'voided quatrefoil' from the bezants has got to go. L2: (Du Cros' chain looks like one of those little silver bead chains that cheap key chains, light fixture pulls, and sink stoppers use. The argent was my mistake. It looks to be a printer's plate offset error. I have fixed the blazon.) 18. Argent, a coney salient gules. (Rei de tarse [King of Tartary?] p. 178 iv 19. Quarterly 1. (Argent, four bars.), 2. (Gules, a lion rampant argent crowned Or.), 3. (Gules, a fess argent.) 4. (Azure, an eagle displayed checky argent and purpure crowned Or.) (Rey d Omgria [King of Hungary]) p. 179 i VI/vc Z1: {In Godinho only the primary quarter of barry of eight argent and gules is depicted.} L2: (I have changed the blazon of the first quarter to the listed blazon from "Barry argent and gules." per your request.) 20. Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules. (Rei de Scorcia [King of Scotland]) p. 179 ii VII/ra Z1: {Godinho depicts all fleurs-de-lys with the larger portion facing outwards. Is this therefore just a double tressure flory?} L2: (Only if you want it to be.) 21. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, four pallets gules.) 2 and 3 (Marshalled per pale (1. "Argent, four bars gules." 2. "Ancient France."and 2. "Argent, an elongated double cross couped Lorraine between six crosslets couped in pale three and three Or.") (Rei daragam [King of Aragon]) p. 179 iii VI/vb L1: {The cross is extremely elongated to fill the long axis of the shield quartering.} L2: {The second and third quarters are divided into three equal vertical strips. I have used the peculiar blazon that I did to preserve the appearance that these quarters quarter the arms of France, Hungary, and, possibly, a variant form of the King of Jerusalem.} Z1: {Godinho just shows the main quarter of Or four pallets gules.} L2: (I have changed the blazon of this device, as above.) 22. Or, four pallets gules, a bendlet azure. (Rei d mailogres [????]) p. 179 iv L2: (I have changed the blazon of this device.) 23. Azure, a harp Or. (Rei dirlande [King of Ireland]) p. 180 i 24. Quarterly 1. (Argent, a cross potenty between four crosslets couped Or.) 2. (Barry of four pieces gules and argent, overall a lion rampant azure.) 3. (Or, a lion rampant gules.) 4. (Argent, a lion rampant purpure.) (Rei d chipre [King of Cyprus]) p. 180 ii L2: (A typo here. The lion in second quarter is azure, not gules. I have fixed the blazon.) 25. Azure, three kings heads couped crined brown crowned Or proper. (Rei d clavomnia [King of Slavonia?]) p. 180 iii L2: (I have changed the blazon slightly to include the hair color. The king's heads are slightly in trian aspect.) 26. Azure, three armored legs fesswise in pale argent spurred Or. (Rei de men [King of Man?]) p. 180 iv 27. Azure, a lion rampant Or. (Rei delves [???] p. 181 i 28. Argent, a lion rampant azure a bordure gules seme of bezants. (Rei d garnat [King of Granada?] p. 181 ii 29. Gules, three coneys courant in pale Or. (rei d coninbra [???]) p. 181 iii L2: (Another typo {read-o?, look-o?} on my part. I have changed the blazon. The coneys are more properly "courant" rather than passant and they are in pale. {I wonder if these were originally the arms of Richard I of England's obscure brother "Richard the Rabbit-Hearted"?}) 30. Marshalled of three pieces (Per pale ("1. Or, a lion rampant gules."), (2. "Argent, an elongated cross potent to chief and base, couped to dexter and sinister between four crosslets couped Or.") and (3. "Barry of 12 pieces argentand azure a lion rampant gules.) (Rei d'ermenia [King of Armenia]) p. 181 iv L2: (Another blazon change to better preserve the sense that the arms are marshalled. Is it just me but does this look like Early Hapsburgs marshalled with Jerusalem? {I almost said Hesse for the third quarter but I realized that it wasn't Hesse so much as "counter-Hesse".) 31. Or, three lions passant guardant in pale azure. (Rei d danemarche [King of Denmark] p. 182 i {Usually these arms are found as Or seme of hearts gules, three lions passant guardant in pale azure.} 32. Gules, a lion rampant Or maintaining an axe proper. (Rei denorowee [King of Norway]) p. 182 ii 33. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, an eagle displayed argent, membered sable.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a mounted man armed cap a pie brandishing a sword proper on a horse salient argent bridled sable.) (Rei d polaina [King of Poland]) p. 182 iii VII/rb {Godinho just shows the main quartering of Gules an eagle displayed argent, and arms and members it sable.} L2: (The main quartering is indeed membered sable. I have changed the blazon.) 34. Or, a griffin segreant gules. (Rey degrifonia [???]) p. 182 iv 35. Or, a chief gules. (Rei d gravata [???]) p. 183 i 36. Azure, three zules? Or (rei d marocq [King of Morocco]) p. 183 ii L2: (The charges look bifurcated squares. Sort of like: . . . . . . : . . : : . . : : . . : : . : : : : : : : =========================== But the curves are more graceful and the angle is less acute.) 37. Argent, a cross gules. (Rei d Sardennsia [King of Sardinia]) p. 183 iii 38. Argent, a lion rampant azure. (Rei d tunez [King of Tunis]) p. 183 iv 39. Gules, a patriarchal cross argent issuant from a base vert. (rei dalmacia [King of Dalmatia?]) p. 184 i L2: (More blazon-fu. The mount is a actually a natural base of three very shallow peaks.) 40. Or, four bends gules. (Rei d salanique [King of Salonika]) p. 184 ii L2: (Bendy to four bends, more fu.) 41. Barry of 18 pieces Or and gules, two lions jambs couped in saltire sable. (Rei d blaqui [????]) p. 184 iii L2: (I must be Or/argent colorblind! The tincture is Or not argent. Time to pay cat blackmail...) 42. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Argent, an eagle displayed gules membered sable.) 2 and 3 (Azure, a castle of three towers Or.) (Rei d danauit [????]) p. 184 iv L2: (Grrr... the castles are on azure, not gules. The cat is getting insistant, I have to pet him or he'll jump on the book...) 43. Argent, a roundel gules. (Rei d bougis [King of Bulgaria?] p. 185 i 44. Gules, an increscent Or. (Rei destunell [???]) p. 185 ii 45. Azure, three seeblatts Or. (Rei dafrica [King of Africa]) p. 185 iii 46. Azure, three lions passant guardant in pale Or. (Rei darrabe [King of Arabia] p. 185 iv 47. Azure, a ship Or sail argent. (Rei dorquenie [???]) p. 186 i Z1: {Probably the King of the Orkney islands?} L2: (Of course!) 48. Bendy of six pieces gules and argent, a bordure Or. (Rei d bosna [King of Bosnia?]) p. 186 ii 49. Checky argent and gules a bulles head sable crowned and ringed Or. (Rei de apolonia [King of Appollonia?]) p. 186 iii {The bull's head is slightly in trian aspect.} 50. (On a tilting shield with a notch for a lance rest) Gules, issuant from base a bust of the Virgin Mary vested, veiled and haloed proper. (Rainha bramca [Queen of ???]) p. 186 iv 51. Azure, three crowns Or. (Rei d Suedem [King of Sweden]) p. 186 i 52. Argent, on a cross sable an escutcheon of pretense (Or, a fess sable.). (Arcebispo de treves [Archbishop of Treves]) p. 189 i 53. Argent, a cross gules. (Arcebispo de colonha [Archbishop of Cologne]). p. 190 i 54. Gules, a wheel argent. (Archebispo d'maguncia [Archbishop of Mainz]) p. 191 i 55. Or, a double-headed eagle displayed sable. [Holy Roman Emperor]. p. 192 i 56. Or, three lions passant guardant contourny in pale sable. [????] p. 192 ii {These arms are very likely reversed as arms of courtesy.} 57. Gules, two lions passant guardant crowned contourny Or. [???] p. 192 iii {These arms are very likely reversed as arms of courtesy.} L2: (I have added the fact that the lions are crowned. These might be the arms of Normandy) 58. Lozengy paly argent and azure. [King of Bavaria?] p. 192 iv 59. Or, on a bend gules three eagles displayed bendwise argent. [Count of Lorraine] p. 192 v L2: (I have included the fact that the eagles are bendwise on the bend, per SCA blazon.) 60. Gules, a lion rampant queue forchee argent crowned Or. (Rey de bohemia [King of Bohemia]) p. 193 i VII/rc {Godinho does not crown the lion. The tail is not apparently queue-forchy although there is enough 'fluff' that one of the extensions thereof could be thought as a vestigial bit of a queue forchy. ??? does do Cros show this clearly queue-forchy?} L2 (Yes.) 61. Sable, a lion rampant argent crowned Or. (comde palann di Rin [Count Palatinate of the Rhine]) p. 194 i 62. Barry Or and sable overall a crancelin bendwise enarched vert. (Duqe de saxonia [Duke of Saxony]) p. 195 i 63. Argent, on an eagle displayed gules a kleestengel azure. (Marqs de brandebur [Margrave of Brandenburg]) p. 196 i 64. Bendy of six pieces Or and azure a bordure gules. (Duq de borgonna [Duke of Burgundy]) p. 199 i 65. Vairy paly Or and gules on a chief Or an eagle displayed sable. (bpo de beauvois cond [Count Bishop of Beauvois?] p. 200 i 66. Gules, a lion passant guardant Or. (Ducque de guiana [Duke of Guienne?] p. 201 i 67. Azure, three crosses bottony fitchy Or a bordure engrailed gules. (bpo de chalon conde [Count Bishop of Chalons?]) p. 202 i 68. Or, a lion rampant sable. (conde de frandes [Count of Flanders]) p. 203 i 69. Azure, a cross argent between four fleur-de-lys Or. (Arcepbo delam duque [Archbishop of ??? Duke] p. 204 i 70. Gules, two lions passant guardant Or. (duq de normandia [Duke of Normandy]) p. 205 i 71. Azure, two mullets of six points and a lion couchant Or. (arcebpo de langre duque [Archbishop of ??? Duke] p. 206 i L2: (The mullets of six have points at 30, 90, 120,... degrees. I have reblazoned the position of the lion. On second glance I believe that the beast is couchant, not passant coward). 72. Azure, a bend argent doubly cotised each cotise potenty to the inner edge interlaced Or. (conde de chanpanha [Count of Champagne] p. 207 i 73. Quarterly, 1 and 4 (Azure, a castle of three towers Or a label of three points argent.) 2 and 3 (Gules, three sinister hands apaumy argent.) (bpo de noyon conde [Bishop of ??? Count] p. 208 L2: (I have added the fact that the hands are sinister.) 74. Gules, a cross of Toulouse Or voided gules. (conde de toulosa [Count of Toulouse]) p. 209 i 75. Portugal impaling Portugal with a label of Sicily. (El Rey dom Johann [II] e a Rainha [D. Leonor] Sua molher [Lord King John and his queen our lord?]) p. 210 i 76. Portugal impaling Spain. (El Rei dom Manuel [I] [E A} Rainha [D. Maria] Sua molhre) [Lord King Manuel and his Queen our lord?]) p. 210 ii VII/vb: 77. (On a lozenge) Portugal with a label of Sicily. (A r[ainha] dona lionor [Lady Queen Leonore) p. 210 iii 78. (On a lozenge) Spain. (A Rainha dona [Maria] [Lady Queen Mary]) p. 210 iv VII/vb 79. Portugal. (Rei de portugall [King of Portugal]) p. 211 i 80. Portugal with a label argent. (Principe d portugal [Prince of Portugal]) p. 211 ii VII/vc 81. Portugal with a label of Sicily. (Duq[ue] de Bragamça [Duke of Bragamça) p. 211 iii 82. Portugal overall a bendlet sinister sable. (Duq[ue] de Coimbra) p. 211 iv VII/vd {This bendlet is extremely thin, being no more than a hairline in the emblazon.} {Godinho shows a hairline SALTIRE instead of a hairline bendlet sinister. Could you have missed the other half in looking at the do Cros book??? could it be defacement of the book rather than a heraldically significant brisure?} L2: (No. The hairline goes from the dexter base to sinister chief of the shield in a nice straight line and stops there. It is not a saltire. It is a heraldically insignificant brisure, not a defacement of the book, especially since the microbendlet is mentioned in the blazon.) 83. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Portugal) 2 and 3 (Per chevron argent and gules, two lions combattant purpure and a castle of three towers Or within a bordure compony Or and vair.) an escutcheon of pretense (Marshalled of six pieces 1 (Azure, a sword palewise proper.) 2,4,6 (Or, four pallets gules.), 3 and 5 (Or, two wolves passant in pale purpure. {Say *that* three times fast!} (Marqs d vila real [Marquis of Villa Real]) p. 212 i IX/ra {The escutcheon of pretense is identical to the arms of the County of Valenica, except for the canton. The canton with the sword actually extends down to completely cover the first compartment of the field.} {Godinho shows the Portugal quarters debruised with a very thin black saltire as in the Duke of Coimbra.} L2: (I have changed the blazon to reflect the marshalled arms of pretense. There is no saltire in Du Cros.) 84. Argent, on a saltire gules five escutcheons of Portugaul. (Casa d bragamca [House of bragamça]). p. 212 ii IX/rb {Godinho shows the Portugal escutcheons debruised with the very thin saltire} 85. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Portugal) 2 (Sable three bars vairy argent and gules.) 3 (Party of six Or and paly of nine pieces Or and gules three pairs of wolves passant in pale purpure two and one overall an escutcheon Or.) (Conde d penela [Count of Penela]) p. 212 iii IX/rc {The arms in the third quarter are virtually identical to the escutcheon of pretense in the arms of 83.} {Godinho shows the thin saltire on Portugal quarters.} L2: (The vair is vair nebuly. There is no saltire.) 86. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Portugal) 2 and 3 (Per chevron argent and gules, two lions combattant purpure and a castle of three towers Or within a bordure compony Or and vair.) (Noronha Chefe [Noronha]) p. 212 iv IX/rd {Godinho shows the thin saltire on Portugal quarters} 87. Marshalled of six pieces 1,3,5 (Or, two wolves passant in pale purple.) and 2,4,6 (Or, four pallets gules.) overall an escutcheon Or. (Conde [de] valemça [Count of Valemça (Meneses)]) p. 213 i IX/va L2: (More blazon-fu to reflect the marshalling.) 88. Or, five mullets of seven points in saltire gules. (Conde de marialua [Count of Marialua [Coutinho]) p. 213 ii IX/vb 89. Argent, six roundels two, two and two azure. (casto conde d[e] monsancto [Castro, Count of Monsancto) p. 213 iii IX/vc {Question as to whether 'castro' here cants on the roundels, given the verb 'castrar'} L2: (It might just, though cants tended to be less subtle. There is an Italian family that has the name of something like "Codino" and they have three scrotums (bags = cods) on their arms. If you want to figure out if the blue balls here have the same slang meaning in 16th c. Portuguese go right ahead...) 90. Azure, four bendlets argent. (Casa dataide [House of Ataide]) p. 213 iv IX/vd 91. Azure, an orle and saltire of rope proper between in cross four eschutcheons of (Azure, nine plates three, three, and three.) debruised by a rope fesswise proper overall in fess point an escutcheon of (Azure, nine plates three, three, and three.) surmounted by a rope proper palewise, all the ropes conjoined. (Casa deça [House of Eça). p. 214 i X/ra {This is a truly peculiar device. A simpler blazon might be Argent, five escutcheons azure platy overlaid and interlaced by a cross, saltire and orle of rope all conjoined proper. but that wouldn't accurately describe the deliberate layering of the rope and the shields. There are at five layers in this device and at least three charges that could be considered "overall" charges.} 92. Or. (Cas d[e] telo d meneses [House of ?? of Meneses]) p. 214 ii X/rb L2 (I dropped the word "simple." from the blazon. People can figure out that it isn't a typo on their own.) 93. Or, 13 roundels in pale four, five, and four azure. (Castro amtiguo [Castro]) p. 214iii X/rc {Same 'castrar' cant question applies} L2: (Same comment applies.) 94. Or, nine wedges three, three, and three azure. (Cunha Chefe [Cunha]) p. 214 iv X/rd {This is a cant. The name Cunha appearantly means "wedge".} L2: (Good.) 95. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Portugal) 2 and 3 (Gules, a lunel argent.) (Sousa chefe [Sousa]) p. 215 i X/va {A less precise emblazon for the second and third quarters would be Gules, a quatrefoil argent voided gules. The French and Portuguese word for the charge is a lunel.} L2: (Boy it felt good to simplify that blazon!) 96. Gules, a cross flueretty argent voided hummety gules. (Casa d pireira [House of Pireira [Pereira]) p. 215 ii X/vb {The cross is merely described as being fleuretty voided in the French and Portuguese blazons.} {Godinho has cross flory rather than fleuretty, which is often drawn as a straight ended cross with fleurs-de-lys coming out rather than the fleurs smoothly issuing from the ends of the cross arms. Check into ???} L2: (We have here proof that fleury and floretty are artistic variants of the same thing. Du Cros crosses are fleuretty not flory. How's that for another tongue twister?) 97. Sable, three bars vairy argent and gules. (Vasconçelos chefe [Vasconcelos]) p. 215 iii X/vc {Thee bars are actually closer to per fess nebuly argent and gules which is a Period method of emblazoning vair.} {It seems clear from Godinho it's meant to be bars vairy which are drawn as bars per fess nebuly. Redo blazon??? Per fess vairy doesn't make sense. Artistic note should suffice and we can just call the bars vairy.} L2: (You're right, the blazon and the artistic note has been changed.) 98. Gules, six plates two, two and two between a double cross throughout within a bordure Or. (Casa d[e] melo [House of Melo]) p. 215 iv X/vd {An equally valid blazon for this device would be Gules, six plates between a cross Lorraine throughout within and conjoined to a bordure Or. The translation of the French blazon is Gules, a cross doubly crossed, composed of three bars, one in pale and two in fess, with six plates, and a bordure Or. The "ordinaries" and the bordure are thinner than they normally should be.} {Godinho agrees with he blazon using the cross of Lorraine, however this seems to be a specific Portuguese design motif being 'shoehorned' into other blazon and should be discussed.} L2: (As per my introductory notes I have changed the blazon. I reluctantly used "within" rather than "and" to make the position of the roundels more obvious.) 99. Argent, a lion rampant purpure armed gules. (Sillua Chefe [Silva]) p. 216 i XI/ra {Godinho does not arm the critter gules, it arms it sable (although it is hard to tell, when small amounts of red go over the metallic silver it is hard to distinguish from black. Check in Godinho blazons???} L2: (Du Cros has "gules".) 100. Gules, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (Alboquerq[ue] chefe [Albequerque]) p. 216 ii XI/rb 101. Vert, a bend engoule Or voided gules. (Freires dandrade [Freire de Andrade]) p. 216 iii XI/rc {Godinho shows the bend voided at the mouths of the animals. Is that what do Cros shows? 'humetty' implies even shorter than that to me.???} L2: (Du Cros supports you. The blazon has been changed. Perhaps a better blazon would be "gules fimbriated and engoule Or.") 102. Gules, six bezants two, two and two between a double cross within a bordure Or. (Casa dalmeida [House of Almeida]) p. 216iv XI/rd {This device is identical in visual outline to device number 98. See the discussion above.} L2: (The blazon as been changed as per device No. 98) 103. Gules, six bezants two, two and two between a double cross within a bordure Or, on a chief gules a cross throughout argent. (do[n] d[iogo] dalmeida priol do c[ra]to [Dom Diogo Dalmeida Priol Do Crato] p. 217 i {This device is virtually identical to devices 98 and 102. The bordure runs below the chief and the chief itself is very thin, being perhaps only half the width of a normal chief. The device is described as being "Almeida, a chief of Order of the Hospitallers". } L2: (The blazon has been changed to reflect Nos. 98 and 102. Who says you can't use bordures and chiefs together!) 104. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, six bezants two, two and two between a double cross within a bordure Or.) 2 and 3 (Argent, a lion rampant azure.) (Dom p[edr]o da Sillua [Silva]) p. 217 ii {The device is blazoned as Almeida quartering Silva.} 105. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Argent, a lion rampant purpure armed gules.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a hand maintaining a sword palewise proper issuant from a sinister wing Or.) (Manuees [Manuel]) p. 217 iii XI/va {Godinho does not show the lion as armed gules.} L2: (Honestly, I can't tell if Du Cros does or not. The picture is too small. I was going from the Portuguese emblazon. I can drop it if you wish.) 106. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Azure, five mullets of five points in saltire Or.) 2 and 3 (Quarterly 1 (Jerusalem) 2 (Barry of six argent and azure, a lion rampant gules.) 3 (Gules, a lion rampant Or.) 4 (Argent, a lion rampant gules.) an escutcheon of pretense (Or, a lion rampant sable.)) (febus munjz chefe [Moniz de Lusignan]) p. 217 iv XI/vb {Godinho shows the lion in the 4th quarter as purpure, not gules.} L2: (My lion's gules.) 107. Marshalled of six pieces, 1 and 4 (Aragon) 2 and 6 (Leon) 3 and 5 (Argent, three bars checky gules and Or each charged with a barrulet sable.) (Lima chefe [Lima]) p. 218 i XI/vc {The quarters of the shield are arranged so that the compartments with Aragon occupy the dexter side of the shield and the bars run continuously from chief to base without any line of division. Another way of describing this peculiar form of marshalling would be Quarterly (Leon) and (Argent, three bars checky gules and Or each charged with a barrulet sable.) with a dexter side of Aragon.} {??? I think your quarters are wrong; by my count it should be 1 and 4, Aragon, 2 and 6, Leon and 3 and 5, as you describe... Perhaps marshalling in 6 quarters should be discussed up top?} L2: (You're right. The blazon has been changed. I think that a discussion of marshalling would be a good idea.) 108. Argent, five bars wavy azure. (Tauora chefe [Tavora]) p. 218 ii XI/vd {Godinho shows Argent five bars wavy azure. Typo???} L2: (Yes. The blazon has been corrected.) 109. Per chevron ploye argent and gules, two lions rampant purpure and a castle of three towers Or. (Casa danrriquez [Henriques]) p. 218 iii XII/ra {Godinho shows this as per chevron plain, not 'ploye'. The traditional blazon for these arms is chape ploye, but Godinho consistantly emblazons them as per chevron plain, in marshalling and in this case} L2: (Du Cros has them as definately ploye.) 110. Marshalled per saltire 1 and 4 (Vert, a bend gules fimbriated Or.) and 2 and 3 (Or, the letter "S" sable.) (Mendoça chefe [Mendoça]) p. 218 iv XII/rb {While it might not be quite proper in English-language blazon to marshal a device per saltire, this is the only convention I could come up with to describe this device. The bend in the upper quarter issues from center chief and terminates at the line of division. The bend in the lower quarter issues from the dexter side of the line of division and terminates at the sinister base of the escutcheon.} L2: (I have explicitly blazoned the marshalling Per saltire. This method of marshalling seems to have been not unheard of south of the Loire. Think of the arms of Sicily.) 111. Argent, a cross flory gules voided hummety argent a bordure argent seme of escutcheons azure each charged with five plates in saltire. (Casa dalbergaria [House of Albergaria]) p. 219 i XII/rc {The bordure is the same tincture as the field. Only a thin dividing line and a change in the diapering pattern between the field and the bordure mark the difference.} 112. Or, on a bend azure between two eagles displayed gules armed sable two crosses fleuretty Or voided hummety azure. (Casa dalmadaa [House of Almada]) p. 219 ii XII/rd {Godinho shows the crosses as flory, and NOT voided} L2: (Du Cros has them as voided and fleuretty.) 113. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, an eagle displayed sable.) 2 and 3 (Azure, five mullets of six points in saltire argent, a bordure gules seme of saltorels Or. (Azevedo chefe [Azevedo]) p. 219 iii XII/va {Godinho shows the eagles in the first and fourth quarters as being single-headed, not double-headed as in the Holy Roman Empire} L2: (You're right. The blazon has been changed. Of course, if you want to be stuffy, the number of heads on the HRE eagle is variable. I've seen it both ways or just one way, if you know what I mean.) 114. Azure, a lion rampant Or armed gules. (Castel branco chefe [Castel Branco]) p. 219 iv XII/vb 115. Or, two goats passant in pale sable armed argent. (bayam resemde [Baiao e Resende]) p. 220 i XII/vc {???does this cant?} L2: (Blessed if I know, I thought you had the Portuguese/English dictionary.) 116. Gules, five sinister wings in saltire Or. (aabrev chefe [Abreau]) p. 220 ii XII/vd 117. Gules, nine lozenges three, three, and three all conjoined argent each charged with a lion rampant purpure. (brito chefe [Brito]) p. 221 iii {It is possible that there is some cant here on the verb 'britar', 'to break into small pieces', given the overall design of the armory} L2: (I'll buy that.) 118. Azure, five mullets of seven points in saltire Or. (Moniz chefe [Moniz]) p. 221 iv 119. Gules, a castle within six castles of three towers in annulo Or portalled sable. (Movra chefe [Moura]) p. 221 i {The French and Portuguese blazon is translated thus; Gules, seven castles Or portalled sable, arranged 1, 2, 1, 2, 1. 120. Azure, five wolves passant in saltire sable armed gules. (Lobo chefe [Lobo]) p. 221 ii {Cants on 'lobo', wolf} L2: (Of course. Yet another brain spasm on my part.) 121. Checky argent and azure. (Saa chefe [Sá]) p. 221 iii 122. Gules, five lunels in saltire Or. (Leemos chefe [Lemos]) p. 221 iv {For a discussion of this motif and possible alternate blazons see item number 95.} L2: (The blazon, mercifully, has been changed.) 123. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, three pallets gules.) 2 and 3 (Three bars vairy argent and gules.) (Ribeiro chefe [Ribeiro]) p. 222 i 124. Azure, two goats passant in pale purpure. (Cabral chefe [Cabral]) p. 222 ii {Cants on 'Cabra', goat} L2: (Duh! I missed another obvious one.) 125. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, a cross fleuretty Or voided hummety gules a bordure argent seme of escutcheons azure each charged with five plates in saltire.) 2 and 3 (Argent, two hinds passant in pale purpure.) (Cerveira chefe [Cerveira]) p. 222 iii XIIII/rb {The hinds cant on 'cerva', doe} L2: (Strike three! I must have been asleep when I did this.) 126. Or, a saltire gules between four fleur-de-lys vert. (Miramda chefe [Miranda]) p. 222 iv XIIII/rc 127. Argent, three bars gules. (Silveira chefe [Silveira]) p. 223 i XIIII/rd 128. Azure, three burdens palewise in fess argent. (fallcam chefe [Falcao]) p. 223 ii XIIII/va 129. Argent, three ermine spots in fess sable, a chief per fess (Gules, a castle of three towers Or portalled sable.) and (Or, four pallets gules.). (goyos chefe [Góios]) p. 223 iii XIIII/vb {The chief could also be blazoned as a chief of Aragon impaling Castile.} L2: (Didn't these people ever run out of ways to marshall arms?) 130. Azure, six lunels 2,2, and 2 argent. (gooes chefe [Góis]) p. 223 iv XIIII/vc {???Blazon these as lunels as mentioned above!} L2: (Yeah, yeah, yeah. I did already!) 131. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, an eagle displayed azure.) 2 and 3 (Checky Or and argent.) a bordure gules seme of the letter "S" argent. (Sanpayo chefe [Sampaio]) p. 224 i XIIII/vd {Godinho shows the eagles in the 1st and 4th quarters as sable, and shows the 2nd and 3rd quarters as checky Or and sable.} L2: (My blazon is correct for Du Cros.) 132. Gules, atop a tower argent masoned and portalled a raven close sable. (malafaya chefe [Malafaia]) p. 224 ii XV/ra {The emblazon in Godinho makes the tower very much the primary charge with the raven a small 'maintained' charge. The raven is also close and passant. ??? Reblazon: Gules, atop a tower argent a raven passant sable} L2: (Good point. I did.) 133. Or, five mullets of six points in saltire gules. (tavares chefe [Tavares]) p. 224 iii XV/rb 134. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, three bars gules.) 2 and 3 (Vert, three escallops argent.), a bordure argent seme of crosses paty gules. (pimentees chefe [Pimentel]) p. 224 iv XV/rc {Godinho hardly gives the crosses any paty treatment; I'd have blazoned them couped. ??? Is this a real difference in the art? If not why did you blazon them paty?} L2: (Du Cros has the crosses with a distinct flair on the end of the each arm. They're paty in Du Cros.) 135. Azure, five escallops in saltire Or. (sequeira chefe [Sequeira]) p. 225 i XV/rd 136. Gules, six rib bones issuant from dexter and sinister side two, two, and two argent. (costa chefe [Costa]) p. 225 ii XV/va {This is a cant. The word "costa" appearantly means rib.} 137. Gules a base vert resting upon the line of division a tower argent and issuant from the tower a maiden's head affronty couped at the shoulders crined Or vested azure proper, in chief three fleur-de-lys Or and on the base in a natural stream three fish fesswise proper. (Os de lago chefe [Lago]) p. 225 iii {There may be a cant here on 'lago', lake.} L2: (That makes sense. I've changed the emblazon to make it more obvious that the the stream and fish are proper.) 138. Gules, six rib bones issuant from dexter and sinister side two, two, and two on a chief argent a cross couped elongated to dexter and sinister gules. (vasco an[n]es corte Real [Corte-Real]) p. 225 iv XV/vb L2: (Mistake in my blazon. The cross should be couped.) 139. Gules, a cross flory Or voided hummety gules. (Meira chefe [Meira]) p. 226 i XV/vc 140. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Checky azure and Or.) 2 and 3 (Or, three pallets azure.) (boin chefe [Aboim]) p. 226 ii XV/vd {Godinho shows the checky as Or and azure.} L2: (I've changed the blazon of the second quarter. Du Cros has checky azure and Or.) 141. Argent, on a bend indented gules three fleur-de-lys bendwise argent. (paçanha chefe [Pessanha]) p. 226 iii XVI/ra 142. Azure, a cross potenty Or voided azure. (teixeira chefe [Teixeira]) p. 226 iv XVI/rd 143. Or, five rocks in saltire argent the one in fess point charged with an eagle displayed sable. (pedrosa chefe [Pedrosa]) p. 227 i XVI/rb {This is a cant, since Pedro means "rock". A case could be made that the rocks are just stylized plates, but they are drawn with clearly irregular edges and internal striations to make them look like round stones and are blazoned as stones in the Portuguese and French blazon.} {Godinho clearly draw the rocks as grey rocks of a mostly oval but slightly rough outline. The eagle slightly overlaps the field so is not exactly charged on the center rock.} L2: (The Du Cros eagle is on the center rock as a tertiary. His rocks are like Godinho's.) 144. Or, three staves raguly throughout bendwise proper. (Bairos [Bairros]) p. 227 ii XVI/rc {The staves are brown. This cants on 'barro', meaning a metal or wooden bar.} 145. Gules, three bars Or. (Mascarenhas chf [Mascarenhas]) p. 227 iii XIIII/ra 146. Vert, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (Moota chefe [Mota]) p. 227 iv XVI/va 147. Gules, six escallops Or, two, two, and two. (Vieira chefe [Vieira]) p. 228 i XVI/vb {This cants on 'vieira', scallop} L2: (Good.) 148. Argent, a lion rampant sable armed gules. (betencor chefe [Bethancourt]) p. 228 ii XVI/vc L2: (This is a foriegn surname. Should we chuck it for purposes of analysis?) 149. Or, an eagle displayed gules armed sable. (agviar chefe [Aguiar]) p. 228 iii XVI/vd {This is a cant, since "aguia" means "eagle" in Portuguese.} 150. Gules, a tower argent masoned sable between two fleur- de-lys and in chief three more argent. (faria chefe [Faria]) p. 228 iv XVII/ra {The emblazon in Godinho is more like Gules a tower between five fleurs-de-lys one, two and two argent.} L2: (Du Cros' fleurs are just a little bit offset. Not quite in chief, but not quite like Godhino's fleur's either. I could go either way.) 151. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed sable within a bordure of Ancient France. (borjes chefe [Borges]) p. 229 i XVII/rb 152. Or, on two heaters the handles each terminating in four serpents heads Or three bars vairy argent and gules. (Pacheco chefe [Pacheco]) p. 229 ii XVII/rc {These heaters look like baskets with serpents coming out of the tops. The charges are nearly invisible against the field.} {Godinho emblazons the 'heaters' as Or with brown details. They too are almost invisible against the field. ???If the heaters were really all vairy argent and gules they should show up, is your blazon correct???} L2: (My heaters are almost entirely Or with small stripes of vair that could very well be internal detailing. I have changed the blazon to better describe the emblazon. Not exactly a triumph of readily identifiable arms.) 153. Argent, three bars checky Or and gules. (souto maior chefe [Souto Maior]) p. 229 iii XVII/rd 154. Vert, in chief a lion rampant Or between two towers argent masoned and portalled sable in base a wyvern passant Or. (Serpa chefe [Serpa]) p. 229 iv XVII/va {This cants on 'serpa', serpent.} {Godinho emblazons this with towers instead of castles, no apparent masoning, and the tail of the wyvern is just looped, not "sufflexed." It also appears to be more statant than passant although that isn't entirely clear from the emblazon.} L2: (Good points. The blazon has been changed appropriately. I'm keeping the wyvern passant though. It's hard to tell one way or the other and passant makes him seem a bit more active.) 155. Ermine. (Bareto chefe [Barreto]) p. 230 i XVII/vb 156. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, a fess gules.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a cross throughout quarter pierced Or.) (Arca chefe [Arca]) p. 230 ii XVII/vc 157. Or, on a bend checky argent and vert a bendlet gules. (Nogviera chefe [Nogueira]) p. 230 iii XVII/vd 158. Argent, five crescents in saltire gules. (Pintos chefe [Pino]) p. 230 iv XVII/ra 159. Or, a lion rampant azure armed gules body striped with three bars argent, a bordure azure five coneys passant argent. (coelho chefe [Coelho]) p. 231 i XVII/rb {This cants: 'coelho' means rabbit.} L2: (That makes sense.) {Godinho gives the lion as purpure. He also shows the coneys as passant and only gives five of them. ???What posture are they in in do Cros? Also, Godinho shows the stripes on the lion to be azure, with a wavy or line on them. This is blazoned as 'vairy azure and Or' but not the same as the vairy found elsewhere.} L2: (Du Cros has the lion as azure. There are five rabbits and they are passant. The stripes on the lion are neither really bends or bars and aren't really wavy, but instead follow the natural contours of the creature's body, like a cat wrapped in ribbon. It's certainly not vair.) 160. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Argent, six crescents two, two, and two gules.) 2 and 3 (Argent, a lion rampant azure armed gules.) (queiroos chefe [Queirós]) p. 231 ii XVIII/rc 161. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed azure, a bordure azure seme of escallops argent. (do sem chefe [Sem]) p. 231 iii XVIII/rd 162. Or, on an eagle displayed gules armed a crescent sable. (givar chefe [Aguilar]) p. 231 iv XVIII/va {This is a cant, since "aguilia" means "eagle" in Portuguese. The crescent could very easily be a kleestengel.} {In Godinho, it seems clear that the 'crescent' is more like a kleestengel, and it isn't blazoned in any of the languages. However, this is not a general feature of anyone else's eagles, so it's probably worth blazoning some way. ???Is there a special Iberian term for this?} L2: (Lord only knows. If it looks like a kleestengel, it's a kleestengel, not matter what country the device is from. I think it's legit. to use a German word in an English translation of a Portuguese armorial.) 163. Azure, two dragons combattant regardant tails sufflexed their necks and tails interlaced Or armed gules. (Duarte brandam [Brandao]) p. 232 i XVIII/vb {These are distinctly four-legged dragons, not wyverns, and their necks and tails are definately interlaced.} {Godinho shows these as wyverns.} 164. Or, three bars barry gules and argent a pale counterchanged. (gama chefe [Gama]) p. 232 ii XVIII/vd {Godinho shows each bar more like 'gules two barrulets argent'} L2: (You're right, but my blazon doesn't work unless you use barry.) 165. Or, two bars barry gules and argent a pale counterchanged overall in honor point an escutcheon of pretense (Argent, five escutcheons azure each charged with five plates in saltire.). (Dom vasco da gama almirante da Yndia [Vasco da Gama, Admiral of India]) p. 232 iii XVIII/vc {These arms are presumably those of Vasco da Gama the explorer.} 166. Or, five mullets of seven points in saltire gules. (afonseca chefe [Fonseca]) p. 232 iv XIX/ra 167. Gules, four bars Or. (fereira chefe [Ferreira]) p. 233 i XIX/rb {Godinho shows this as Gules four bars Or.} L2: (So it is.) 168. Argent, three bars checky argent and gules. (Magalhaes chefe [Magalhaes]) p. 233 ii XIX/rc 169. Marshalled per saltire, 1 and 4 (Or, four pallets gules.) and 2 and 3 (Or a plate. (Fogaça chefe [Fogaça]) p. 233 iii XIX/rd {This is a cant; Fogaca is a roundel in Portuguese blazon; it's cognate to French fouace (hearth-cake.)} L2: (Good call. I've changed the blazon to reflect what I believe is marshalling.) 170. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed charged on the body and upper legs with two bars azure. (Valemte chefe [Valente]) p. 233 iv XIX/va {Godinho draws the 'bars' on the lion as if they were two rows of interlinked chain azure, and puts the bars as a 'collar' and on the upper legs. The Fench blazon says the bars are azure pierced of roundels, but inspection shows it really looks like chain (no straight outline, etc.)} L2: (It's hard to tell with Du Cros. The collar and "leg irons" are there, but they look more like stylized bands of vair Or and azure. 171. Marshalled per saltire 1 and 4 (Or, a Turk's head couped turbaned argent bearded sable proper.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a tower argent portalled sable. (botos chefe [Boto]) p. 234 i XIX/vb {Godinho shows the heads proper, turbaned argent, bearded brown proper.} L2: (I've changed the blazon. Du Cros has the beards as sable or very dark brown.) 172. Gules, three castles of three towers argent portalled sable, on a bordure Or seme of wolves passant azure armed gules. (lobatos chefe [Lobato]) p. 234 ii XIX/vc {This cants: 'lobo' = 'wolf'} L2: (Makes sense, canting on "brain surgery" wouldn't be nearly as butch.) 173. Argent, five eagles displayed in saltire gules armed sable. (gorizo chefe [Gorizo]) p. 234 iii XIX/vd {Godinho shows the eagles as gules armed sable. Is this a typo???} L2: (Not anymore.) 174. Azure, on a bend argent between two fleur-de-lys Or three cauldrons bendwise sable. (Caldeira [Caldeira]) p. 234 iv XX/ra {The heaters look like cooking pots. This is a cant since the Portuguese for "heater" is "caldeira". Note that this is distinct, both in Godinho and in de Cros, in depiction from the basket-like 'heaters' used in other families. The cant here is most likely 'cauldron' (also translated 'caldeira') and I'd use 'cauldron' in the blazon here. Would you???} {Since charges on the bend are bendwise by default, omit 'bendwise' from blazon???} L2: (I am using SCA default blazon where objects don't follow the bend unless specified. I've changed the blazon to reflect the cant.) 175. Or, three eagles displayed gules within a bordure counter-compony Or and sable. (Tinoco chefe [Tinoco]) p. 235 i XX/rb {The bordure in Godinho is counter-compony. Check???} L2: (No, counter-compony. You were right.) 176. Or, five mullets of six points in saltire gules. (barbudo chefe [Barbudo]) p. 235 ii XX/rc 177. Or, nine lozenges three, three, and three all conjoined barry vairy argent and gules.(Barbuda chefe [Barbuda]) p. 235 iii XX/rd 178. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, a cross between four fleur- de-lys Or.) 2 and 3 (Argent, an eagle displayed azure.) (Beja chefe [Beja]) p. 235 iv XX/va [Page 235 is missing.] [179. Quarterly, 1 and 4 (Azure, a lion argent armed gules.) 2 and 3 (Checky gules and argent.) [Valdares] p. 235 i? XX/vb] {Godinho shows this as checky argent and gules} [180. Vert, a tower Or masoned and portalled gules between and sustained by two lions combattant Or armed gules. [Larzedo] p. 235 ii? XX/vc] {Godinho doesn't show masoning or portalling gules} L2: (I'm working from the blazons on all of these missing arms.) [181. Per pale (Argent, on a hawk displayed sable a crescent Or.) and (Gules, six rib bones issuant from dexter and sinister side two, two, and two argent.) (Galvan [Galvao]) p. 235 iii?] {???Is there any visual distinction here between an eagle displayed and the 'hawk' displayed? If so please specify!!!} L2: (I don't know. I wish I did.) [182a. Or, four pallets Gules. (Noobrega [Nóbrega]) p. 235 iv? XX/vd] {This could be identical in emblazon to Aragon.} 183. Argent, on a bend azure between and conjoined to a lion rampant and a lion rampant inverted azure armed gules three crescents bendwise Or. (barboso chefe [Barbosa]) p. 237 i XXI/rb {The lions are actually conjoined to the bend and appear to be climbing it. The lion to base is actually not so much rampant as passant inverted bendwise. The lions are also several shades darker than the bend.} {In Godinho, the lions are purpure. They are mroe or less as if they were rampant respectant, around and slightly overlapping a pale, with the whole design motif rotated bendwise. Thought in blazon needed here by both of us! (also'reversed' used incorrectly.) ???} L2: (I've changed the blazon to better reflect the picture. The blazon and emblazon I've got both have the lions as blue.) 180. Paly of four pieces gules, Or, azure, and Or. (godinho chefe [Godinho]) p. 237 ii XXI/ra {Godinho shows this as a pale. Is this a typo??? (given below) Also, Godinho shows the order as paly of four pieces Or, gules, Or and azure. I'd prefer this blazon to the per pale-a pale blazon.} L2: (My initial blazon was completely crocked. I don't know why I put down what I did. The new blazon should be much more obvious. Du Cros has the tinctures I've blazoned. It is possible that actually what we are seeing is the impaled devices "Per pale (Gules and Or.) and (Azure and Or.)") 181. Gules, a bend argent between two lions rampant azure. (barbato chefe [Barbato]) p. 237 iii XXI/rc {The lion in the upper portion of the shield is drawn so that it is conjoined to the bend and it looks as if he is climbing it.} {Godinho shows the designs here the same as in the previously-discussed Barbosa arms.} L2: (It's very different in Du Cros.) 182. Azure, on a chevron throughout gules between three fleur-de-lys Or an escutcheon of pretense (Argent, on a bend gules three spiders tergiant sable.) (Aranha chefe [Aranha]) p. 237 iv XXI/rd {The escutcheon of pretense is a cant, since "aranha" means "spider" in Portuguese.} {Godinho shows the chevron as being lightly fimbriated argent, and shows the escutcheon entirely charged on the chevron. ??? Your blazon implies the escutcheon is overall in de Cros; is it?} L2: (Since the chevron is very tall, like most Continental chevrons, the escutcheon is by default in honor point so I've dropped that term. The escutcheon is completely on the chevron. The chevron is not fimbriated in Du Cros. I want to know where the original arms or "Argent, on a bend gules..." went to.) 183. Per pale (Gules, a double cross Or between six plates two, two, and two within a bordure Or.) and (Argent, six roundels two, two, and two azure.). (govvea chefe [Gouveia]) p. 238 i XXI/va L2: (Changed blazon on the first half.) 184. Gules, a cross argent between four fleur-de-lys Or. (fr[ancis]co debeeja chefe [Beja]) p. 238 ii 185. Per pale (Azure, a castle of three towers argent masoned sable.) and (Or, issuant from the line of division a double headed eagle sable. (Iacome chefe [Jacome]) p. 238 iii XXI/vd {???Blazon as 'impaling the holy roman empire' isn't a good idea; impaling is a whole thing (as to dexter) but dimidiating is a half thing (as with the eagle, here.) Something needs to be done to fix this; perhaps an explicit "issuing from the line of division a demi-eagle..."} L2: (I fixed it.) 186. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed azure between four escallops argent. (vogado chefe [Vogado]) p. 238 iv XXI/vc {Godinho does not show any escallops.} L2: (Du Cros does.) 187. Gules, two covered cups in fess Or, a chief per fess indented of four points azure and Or. (diogo ro[dr]i[gue]z bvtilher [Butilher]) p. 239 i XXII/vd {The covered cups could represent a cant on the English name "Butler" or the French cognate "boutellier" meaning "servant in charge of the wine cellar" (according to Reaney.) The cant could be independent of these well-attested English and French cants, however, as Portuguese "Botilher", another spelling of this surname, is cognate with Butler etc.} {???The cups should probably be blazoned as 'in fess' since there's no default for two items on a field. Are the in fess in de Cros?} L2: (Yes. The blazon is better now.) 188. Gules, an eagle displayed sable beaked and membered Or. (da maya chefe [Maia]) p. 239 ii XXII/ra {Godinho does not show the eagle as beaked and membered Or. However, there is copious, copious amounts of gold details on the black eagle, enough that it is blazoned as 'perfilada e recamada de oiro.' ???get a translation for this!} L2: (Yeah, it's hard to tell if the eagle is sable with gold details or gold with sable details. I went by the blazon in the book and the relative color densities in the emblazon. The eagle is a couple of shades darker than the cups and chief in the emblazon next to it.) 189. Argent, a lion rampant gules atop in base a natural mountain vert (Serao chefe [Serrao]) p. 239 iii XXII/rb {This is a cant on serra, "mountain range."} {Godinho shows the base as more of 'natural mountains' (it is ragged) rather than as a clean trimount. ???What is de Cros' art like?} L2: (Almost identical to Godhino. A very low natural mountain or base of three peaks. I've changed the blazon to better reflect the cant.) 190. Or, two bars gules between seven wolves passant azure three, three, and one. (pedroso chefe [Pedroso]) p. 239 iv XXII/rc {Godinho shows the wolves as armed and langued gules.} L2: (I can't tell what Du Cros did with his wolves.) 191. Or, three bars azure. (Mexias [Mexia]) p. 240 i XXII/rd 192. Or, an eagle displayed gules. (da graa [Gra]) p. 240 ii XXII/va 193. Argent, three bars gules. (Pestana [Pestana]) p. 240 iii XXII/vb 194. Or, two wolves passant in pale purpure. (Villa lobos [Vilalobos]) p. 240 iv XXII/vc {This cants on 'lobo', wolf; literally it means 'city of wolves.'} {???Blazon should say the wolves are in pale, since there's no default. Are they in pale in de Cros?} L2: (Yes. They look almost brown rather than purpure. The blazon has been upgraded.) 195. Azure, a castle of five towers argent portalled and masoned sable. (pero d alcaçeva chefe [Alcáçova]) p. 241 i XXI/vb {This device cants on alcacer, a palace or fort.} {Godinho shows this as a castle of five towers; the 'grandest' castle in the entire book. Probably alluding to the 'palatial' connotations of the surname.} l2: (The two extra towers are drawn in such a way that they almost look like part of the two side towers. They don't really change the visual outline of the castle, but I've addded them in to reflect the cant.) 196. Per pale (Or, issuant from the line of division a double headed eagle sable.) and (Azure, on a fess gules a crescent inverted argent in base two crescents inverted in fess gules.) (Abvl chefe [Abul]) p. 241 ii XXIII/va {The sinister half in Godinho is Azure, on a fess gules fimbriated Or, a crescent inverted argent, in base two crescents inverted argent.} {???Is there a typo in de Cros saying the crescents in base are gules?} L2: (No fimbriation of the fess in Du Cros. Also, the crescents *are* gules.) 197. Azure, a double headed eagled displayed Or armed gules standing upon in base a saracen's head couped and bearded fesswise proper all within an orle of rope argent. (g[ra]uiel gonçaluez Temudo [Temudo]) p. 241 iii 198. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, a slipper azure lined gules.) 2 and 3 (Azure, a saracen's head couped at the shoulders in trian aspect turbaned argent vested Or proper.) in honor point a cross formy gules voided hummety Or. (gill vant vistet [Holtzchuher]) p. 241 iv {Obviously a 'foreigner', do we count him?} L2: (Not for analysis. BTW, I've done a bit of research on shoes recently. The footgear is a sort of slipper, not a patten so I've changed the blazon.) 199. Marshalled of six pieces, 1 and 6 (Or, six roundels two, two, and two gules.) 2 (Per fess gules and argent, in chief a crescent inverted argent surmounted by two keys in saltire wards outwards) 3 and 4 (Azure, a tower between mullets of six points three, two, and two.) 5 (Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, a cross couped and a chief argent.) 2 and 3 (Or, three plates in pale.)). (Afonso garçes [Garces]) p. 242 i XXIII/va {In the 3rd and 4th quarters, Godinho's depiction is more like Azure a tower between seven mullets three, two and two. In the fifth quarter, the arms in the 2nd and 3rd quarter of that are Or three hurts in pale, not three plates. Is this last a typo in de Cros or a real violation of tincture???} L2: (I've changed the blazon slightly to reflect your blazon. The violation of tincture is real in both blazon and emblazon.) 200. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed azure. (Rolam d avxi chefe [Rolao d'Aussi) p. 242 ii 201. Gules, on a chevron throughout argent six crosses couped gules. (Velxira chefe [Xira]) p. 242 iii XXIII/rb {Godinho shows the tertiary charges as crosses couped. Is this a typo???} L2: (It was.) 202. Gules, on a natural mountain a tower argent masoned and portalled azure. (pina chefe [Pina]) p. 242 iv XXIII/rc {This cants on pinaculo (pinnacle), where the tower sits on top of the mountain.} {Godinho draws this more like a rock issuant from base in a brown color, rather than any type of mount (which would be rounded, green and grassy, even when natural. ???How does de Cros draw it?} L2: (As a natural-colored - mostly argent or light brown with dark shadows - natural-shaped mountain top. The blazon has been changed to reflect this.) 203. Argent fretty sable, a pale gules overall a lion rampant argent armed azure. (pero lovreco de guimaraes [Guimaraes]) p. 243 i {The lathes of the frets are extremely fine and aren't much thicker than hairlines.} {In Godinho, the frets do not overlap and are also hairlines; like lozengy diapering. ???Does de Cros show overlap?} L2: (No. What's your page number for Godhino?) 204. Gules, a tree vert eradicated Or between and sustained by two lions rampant combattant Or. (Matos chefe [Matos]) p. 243 ii XXIII/vb {The Portuguese and French blazons have the tree as a pine tree.} {This cants on 'Mato' which is wild or unbuilt-upon land.} L2: (Nice catch.) 205. Azure, on a bend gules between two mermaids embowed in their vanity argent crined three fleur-de-lys bendwise Or. (Ornelas chefe [Ornelas]) p. 243 iii XXIII/vc {This cants on 'Ornar', to adorn/to beautify/to ornament.} {The mermaids are possibly proper i.e. with caucasian upper bodies and silver fish tails. Their combs and mirrors are Or.} {The mermaids in Godinho clearly have caucasian upper bodies and are crined in brown. Their combs are Or and the mirrors have an Or frame and a 'proper' reflection (an attempt to depict a real reflection and thus no heraldic color.)} L2: (Good cant. The mermaids are the same in Du Cros.) 206. Gules, a lion rampant collared Or armed azure. (Çerqueira [Cerqueira]) p. 243 iv XXIII/vd {The lion has no collar in Godinho. Is the collar in de Cros also Or???} L2: (Yes. It is distinct, not diapering.) 207. Argent, three martlets sable. (Martim leeme [Leme]) p. 244 i 208. Or, five martlets in saltire sable. (Amtonjo Leme [Leme]) p. 244 ii 209. Argent, a cross fleuretty sable voided hummetty argent within an orle of cauldrons sable handles Or. (Vilhegas [Vilhegas]) p. 244 iii {The "cauldrons" look like flat-bottomed cooking pots.} L2: (Slight change of blazon to keep my blazons consistant with each other.) 210. Gules, a demi-lion rampant crowned Or maintaining a sword proper on a chief gules an double-headed eagle displayed crowned Or. (Do[m] pero ro[dr]j[gue]z proto not[ai]ro [Amaral]) p. 244 iv {???Is this right? a gules chief on a gules field? Please discuss!} L2: (There is a distinct black line and a change in diapering pattern between the two parts of the field. It's a for-real chief.) 211. Or, five grape leaves in saltire vert on a bordure gules seme of six keys wards to center argent. (figeira de chaues chef [Figueira de Chaves]) p. 245 i {This is a double cant. "Figeira" means "fig" in Portuguese and "chaves" means "key". The orientation of the keys changes to follow the line of the bordure, so the keys are actually fesswise and fesswise reversed, palewise and palewise inverted, and bendwise and bendwise sinister. The blazon has the bordure as being purpure.} 212. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, an eagle displayed Or.) 2 and 3 (France). (Veiga chefe [Veiga]) p. 245 ii 213. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, two pallets argent.) 2 and 3 (Azure, a lion rampant argent armed azure.) overall a cross engrailed Or. (do paao chefe [Pau]) p. 245 iii 214. Or, nine roundels three, three, and three gules. (taueira chefe [Taveira]) p. 245 iv 215. Argent, an orle of roses gules, a bordure compony argent and gules overall on an escutcheon azure a sun Or. (Ortiz chefe [Ortiz]) p. 246 i {The French and Portuguese blazon has Azure, a sun Or within a double bordure, the inner argent charged with eight roses gules 3,2,2,1, the exterior compony argent and gules of 28 pieces.} L2: (The escutcheon takes up most of the center of the shield. It isn't any wimpy little escutcheon of pretense.) 216. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Argent, a tree eradicated vert) 2 and 3 (Or, five mullets of eight points in cross gules.) (Azinhal chefe [Azinhal Sacoto]) p. 246 ii XXV/ra {This is a cant. In Portuguese "azinheira" means oak.} {Godinho gives the 2nd and 3rd quartering as mullets of eight points in saltire. ???Is this a typo?} L2: (No.) 217. Per saltire argent and sable, a lion rampant counterchanged armed gules. (Paym chefe [Paim]) p. 246 iii XXV/rb 218. Or, five maces palewise in saltire azure a bordure Or seme-de-lys argent. (Poras chefe [Porras]) p. 246 iv XXV/rc {This is a cant: 'porra' is a club or stick with knob at the end in Spanish.} {The seme is a true seme in this case. ???Don't use word 'true semy', indicate instead that the charges are cut off by the sides of the bordure as if cut from cloth -- if that's what you mean. That's how it is in Godinho. Usually a semy on a bordure is drawn as a bunch of charges in orle, this _is_ a 'true semy' on a bordure.} L2: (Yup. That's what I meant.) 219. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, issuant from a natural ford three natural mountains proper,, issuant from the mounts two nettle branches slipped and leaved in saltire vert.) 2 and 3 (Azure, two heaters handles terminating in dragon's heads in pale checky argent and sable, and a bordure ermine.) (Viueiro chefe [Viveiro]) p. 247 i XXV/rd {This may cant on Spanish 'vivero', a plant nursery.} {In Godinho, the 1st and 4th quarters show a base argent rather than a ford proper (although there are some small blue 'wavy' diaper lines, it is not a heraldic barry wavy. This is blazoned as a river argent 'agitated' of azure. They also show natural mountains instead of 'three mounts.' Who says these are nettle branches??? All blazons in Godinho just refer to branches, generic. Also, in the 2nd and 3rd quarters the heaters are checky argent and gules, not argent and sable. ???The bordure should be just blazoned as ermine, rather than a bordure charged with ermine spots.} L2: (The blazon is my source for the nettle leaves and the checky. You are right about the natural mounts, fords and ermine bodure.) 220. Argent, a cross toulouse azure voided hummety argent fructed at each point of an acorn azure capped Or. (Joha[m] lop[e]z de lion [Leao]) p. 247 ii 221. Gules, a chevron throughout argent between three fleur- de-lys Or. (Farzam chefe [Frazao]) p. 248 i XXV/va 222. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Or, six roundels two, two, and two gules.) 2 and 3 (Argent, in fess three ermine spots sable.) (teue chefe [Teive]) p. 248 ii XXV/vb {Godinho shows the quarters in the opposite order.} 223. Checky argent and azure. (Alcoforado chefe [Alcoforado]) p. 248 iii XXV/vc L2: (Fixed a page no. typo here.) 224. Azure, six crescents two, two, and two Or. (homen chefe [Homem]) p. 248 iv XXV/vd L2: (ditto.) 225. Gules, six lozenges conjoined in cross azure. (d antes chefe [Antas]) p. 249 i XXVI/ra {This device could also be blazoned as Gules, a cross lozengy azure.} {Godinho shows the lozenges as fimbriated Or.} L2: (No fimbriation with Du Cros.) 226. Checky argent and Or. (godiz chefe [Godim]) p. 249 ii XXVI/rb 227. Azure, a cross argent between four arrangements of five escallops in saltire gules. (baradas chefe [Barradas]) p. 249 iii XXVI/rc 228. Argent, three bars gules. (leitan chefe [Leitao]) p. 249 iv XXVI/rd 229. Vert, four lozenges conjoined in pale throughout between six fleur-de-lys palewise three and three Or. (barejola chefe [Barejola]) p. 250 i XXVI/va 230. Gules, on a bend azure between two trees erased vert a lion passant Or. (johan alvar[e]s col[a]ço [Colaça]) p. 250 ii 231. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Sable, a lion rampant argent armed gules.) 2 and 3 (Gules, three pallets Or.) (Joham afonso de santarem [Santarem]) p. 250 iii {The Portuguese and French blazon has Purpure, a lion rampant argent.} 232. Argent, three moors heads couped at the shoulder in trian aspect proper habited of nose rings, errings, and necklaces Or. (fernand gomez da mina [Mina]) p. 250 iv XXV/vb {Godinho draws the moor's heads as having distinctly proper (dark brown) skin and black hair. They don't wear skullcaps, but they do have gold nose rings and earrings. ???Is the disparity due to colorblindness/bad lighting when viewing de Cros?} L2: (The blazon is now proper. On second thought, the gold "skullcaps" were just gold highlights on the hair and don't appear on all the figures.) 233. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Gules, three fleur-de-lys Or.) 2 and 3 (Vert, an eagle displayed Or maintaining in its beak a ribbon argent.) (Os devilanova chefe [Vilanova]) p. 251 i XXVI/vc {Godinho does not arm the eagle sable and does not give it a motto scroll. ???What does the motto scroll say in de Cros?} L2: (The emblazon doesn't have the eagle armed sable either. The motto scroll doesn't say anything. It's just blank. I've changed the blazon to reflect this.) 234. Argent, a cross flory sable voided hummety argent within an orle of ivy vert. (barba longa chefe [Barba]) p. 251 ii XXVI/vd {As drawn this does not appear to be what the English call ivy; it has rather heart-shaped, as opposed to multi-lobed, leaves. But it is blazoned as ivy. ???Can you look into this from a botanical standpoint since you're the one with access to a university library?} L2: (I don't know. The French blazon called it ivy. I guess that it is Portuguese as opposed to English ivy. I was looking at the lines, not the leaves.) 235. Or, four bendlets gules. (priuado [Privado]) p. 251 iii XXVII/ra {Godinho draws this as Or four bendlets gules.} L2: (That's what I've got. The blazon has been changed.) 236. Gules, a thistle erased, slipped and leaved within an orle of rope Or. (joha[m] a[fonso] da fazenda [Fazenda]) p. 251 iv {The Portuguese and French blazon has the tinctures of the charges as vert.} {??? Are we sure this is a thistle stalk as opposed to another plant? What do you mean by thistle stalk? (the stem without the thistle? a branch of many thistle flowers? Please clarify. The surname means 'farm', is there a cant here on a different,arable, crop?} L2: (It's a thistle plant with just one thistle at the top and a couple of very small leaves. I got the thistle from the French and Portuguese emblazons. However, given what you said and what it looks like, I'd bet that it's actually a stalk of wheat. What do you say?) 237. Azure, five covered pitchers in saltire Or. (Agomia chefe [Gomide]) p. 251 i XXVII/rb {This is a cant. Gomis means "pitcher" in Portuguese.} 238. Ermine, on a bend gules two bendlets argent. (Chacijs chefe [Chacim]) p. 252 ii XXVII/rc {As drawn in Godinho, I would blazon this as "Ermine on a bend gules two bendlets argent." Fimbriation is very thin (but heraldically significant) in Godinho, and my blazon seems to better describe the situation within Godinho's artistic parameters. Reblazon here???} L2: (Yes.) 239. Gules, five lunels in saltire Or. (taborda chefe [Taborda]) p. 252 iii XXVII/rd {See device 98 for a full discussion of this motif.} {???Again, can't we call them lunels in the blazon?} L2: (Yes.) 240. Azure, three fleur-de-lys in bend bendwise Or. (paiva chefe [Paiva]) p. 252 iv XXVII/va 241. Argent, six quatrefoils two, two, and two gules seeded argent on a bordure vert seme of saltorels Or. (felipe chefe [Filipe]) p. 253 i 242. Azure, nine lozenges conjoined throughout three, three, and three argent. (folgeira chefe [Felgueira]) p. 253 ii XXVII/vb {This device could also be blazoned as Lozengy azure and argent.} 243. Or, six crescents inverted two, two, and two azure. (du maral chefe [Amaral]) p. 253 iii XXVII/vc {This cants on 'amarelo', yellow, in the use of Or.} L2: (Good cant.) {???Look to see in Godinho and de Cros if the artist used yellow instead of metallic gold} L2: (No.) 244. Or, five fleur-de-lys in saltire gules. (casall chefe [Casal]) p. 253 XXVII iv /vd 245. Gules, five escallops in saltire Or. (velho chefe [Velho]) p. 254 i XXVIII/ra 246. Vert, on a bend between six lambs passant bendwise argent three quatrefoils gules. (lordelo chefe [Lordelo]) p. 254 ii XXVIII/rb {The arrangement of the lambs is not what it would generally be in English armory. In English armory the bottom half would have the three lambs disposed in bend. Here the three lambs mirror the top half; forming the vertices of (more or less) a right triangle with the right angle at the dexter base. The top has the lambs forming the vertices of a right triangle with the right angle at the sinister chief. This arrangement is made possible by the broad-based shield design.} 247. Checky gules and Or. (peixoto chefe [Peixoto]) p. 254 iii XXVIII/rc {Godinho shows this as checky Or and gules.} L2: (Du Cros has it the other way around.) 248. Azure, five balls of yarn in saltire argent. (nabaes chefe [Novais]) p. 254 iv XXVIII/rd {This cants, or seems to be perceived by Godinho to cant, on "novelo", which is a ball of yarn. He draws this with the artistic details and shading appropriate to a ball of yarn, and Godinho gives a crest which 'threads' the balls over the top limbs of a saltire, thus accentuating the perceived three-dimensionality of the 'roundels'. None of the other roundels in Godinho are drawn with dimensionality.} L2: (That's the way that Du Cros does it too. The blazon has been changed.) 249. Argent, three pallets gules between twelve trees erased four, four, and four vert. (carvoeiros chefe [Carvoeiros]) p. 255 i {This is a cant. The Portuguese for "cork oak" is "sovereiros" and that word is used in the Portuguese blazon.} 250. Or, two cats passant in pale azure on a bordure gules seme of crescents Or. (gatachos chefe. [Gatacho]) p. 255 ii {This is a cant. The Portuguese for "cats" is "gatos".} 251. Vert, four lambs argent. (boreco chefe [Borreco]) p. 255 iii 252. Gules, three swords inverted in fess proper. (vale chefe [Vale]) p. 255 iv XXVIII/va 253. Gules, five lions rampant in saltire azure bodies and lower legs each banded of one bar Or. (baroso chefe [Barroso]) p. 256 i XXVIII/vb {The bars on the lion may cant on 'barra', a wood or metal (or generic) bar.} {Godinho gives the lions with purpure bodies.} L2: (Du Cros has azure.) 254. Per pale (Parted of nine pieces Or and gules.) and (Parted of nine pieces azure and argent.) (fafez chefe [Fafes]) p. 256 ii XLI/rb {This devices on this achievement could also be blazoned as ...a pallet...overall a fess counterchanged. The charges could also be crosses quarter pierced but for the fact that the horizontal bar is at least twice as wide a the vertical one.} {Godinho gives more or less the same emblazon except on the dexter half, the middle chief portion of the parting of nine pieces is azure. This may well be an artistic mistake on Godinho's part. As he draws it it is evenly parted in nine pieces on each half, but the dimensions of each half make each portion of the 'Purina' taller than they are wide.} L2: (That's exactly how Du Cros draws it as well. That's why I didn't use checky to describe it.) 255. Azure, five crescents in saltire argent. (Ulveira chefe [Oliveira]) p. 256 iii XXVIII/vc 256. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Vert, an eagle displayed Or armed gules.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a fleur-de-lys Or.) (caregeiro chefe [Carregueiro]) p. 256 iv XXVIII/vd 257. Azure, a heron statant between four mullets of six points two and two Or . (johan garces [Garces]) p. 257 i XXIX/ra {This cants on 'garca', heron. ???Change the blazon to reflect this? Also, blazon the mullets as two and two?} L2: (Done.) 258. Gules, on a banner issuant from base staff to dexter fringed Or (Argent, a lion rampant azure armed gules.) (gonçalo pi[re]z bandeira [Bandeira]) p. 257 ii XXIX/rb {This is a cant. The Porguese for "banner" is "bandeira". The banner is palewise so the staff actually issues from dexter base. Because of this the orientation of the banner itself is necessarily to sinister so that the arms on it will be oriented in the proper direction.} {??Perhaps the banner would be better emblazoned as 'staff to dexter' rather than reversed; I rather suspect banners would be staff to dexter by default but it's best done explicitly.} {Godinho gives the staff of the banner as Or, and blazons the lion on the banner specifically as pale blue in all three languages. The significance of the 'pale' blue is unknown to me. Find out???} L2: (Blazon has been changed.) 259. Azure, nine escallops three, three, and three argent. (calças chefe [Calça]) p. 257 iii XXIX/rc {Is there a cant here on Latin? Calca as in calcium probably derives from a word for shell. Look into???} L2: (My latin dictionary gives "shell" as either "crusta" or "concha", and "scallop" as "pecten". Any latin cognates of "calca" don't make sense as a cant.) 260. Barry of seven pieces azure and Or, three fleur-de-lys palewise in bend gules. (rabelo chefe [rebelo]) p. 257 iv XXIX/rd {The fleur-de-lys a bit smaller than they might otherwise be so that they fit entirely on the gold bars} 261. Or, two bars azure overall a pale counterchanged. (porto careiro chefe [Portocarreiro]) p. 258 i XXIX/va {The barry is Or and azure in Godinho. ???Check the book in good light? I'd reblazon this as two bars rather than barry of five pieces?} L2: (You're right. The blazon has been changed.) 262. Or, four bendlets gules. (Azanbuja chefe [Azambuja]) p. 258 ii XXIX/vb {Godinho has Or four bendlets gules. ???Typo in blazon?} L2: (Formerly.) 263. Argent, nine lozenges throughout and conjoined three, three, and three vairy gules and azure. (Pay Rodrigez [Pay]) p. 258 iii XXIX/vc {This device could also be blazoned as Lozengy argent and vairy gules and azure. ???Replace blazon above with vairy instead of 'barry undy.'} L2: (The field treatment is vairy nebuly. The blazon has been changed. 264. Argent, a fess and on a chief indented of three points gules three mullets of eight points pierced Or. (matela chefe [Metelo]) p. 258 XXIX/vd {The points of the line of division nearly reach the top of the shield.} {In Godinho, the points of the line of division do reach the top of the shield, and the bottom of the 'chief' touches the fess at all three points. The spur-rowels here have two of eight points, and one of nine.} L2: (My blazon is good in this case.) 265. Argent, three bars gules. ([blank] chefe [unknown]) p. 259 i 266. Or, four bendlets gules. (botelho chefe [Botelho]) p. 259 ii XXX/rb {Godinho shows this as Or four bendlets gules. Typo???} L2: (Yes.) 267. Or fretty gules. (correa chefe [Correia]) p. 259 iii XXX/ra {A 'correia' is a leather leash or a rein. From the crest provided by Godinho (showing tw arms in armor proper and tied at the wrist with a red cord) one can deduce a cant here, where the lathes of the fretty are perceived as being intertwined cord, binding something.} L2: (Good cant.) 268. Or, five mullets of eight points in saltire gules a bordure azure. (barbedo chefe [Barbedo]) p. 259 iv XXX/rc {Godinho gives the mullets as being of eight points.} L2: (The blazon is now correct on that point.) 269. Gules, five mullets of six points in saltire Or. (freitas chefe [Freitas]) p. 260 i XXX/rd 270. Azure, a mullet of eight points Or within a lunel argent. (carvalho chefe [Carvalho]) p. 260 ii XXX/va {Godinho draws the mullet as being conjoined to the lunel at the saltirewise points.} L2: (The blazon has been changed. The mullet is not conjoined.) 271. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Paly of six argent and azure.) 2 and 3 (Checky argent and azure.) (Negros chefe [Negro]) p. 260 iii XXX/vb {Godinho shows the first and fourth quarters as paly. ???Typo? ???Verify in Godinho that it's paly vs. n pallets.} L2: (It is paly. The blazon is corrected.) 272. Argent, five trees erased in saltire on a chief vert a bend engoule Or voided gules. (pinheiros d andrade chefe [Pinheiro de Andrade]) p. 260 iv XXX/vc {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "pine" in "pinheiros" and the trees are blazoned as being pines in the Portuguese blazon.} L2: (I've dropped "hummety" from the blazon.) 273. Argent, five trees erased in saltire vert. (pinhieros chefe [Pinheiro]) p. 261 i XXX/vd {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "pine" in "pinheiros" and the trees are blazoned as being pines in the Portuguese blazon.} 274. Azure, three lions heads couped Or langued gules. (canpos chefe [Campos]) p. 261 ii XXXI/ra 275. Per pale (Gules, two halberds in saltire proper.) and (Argent, a cross paty gules voided hummety argent.) (gilvant ovvistet c [Gil Vant Ovvistet]) p. 261 iii L2: (Another of 'em shifty furriners.) 276. Quarterly Azure and argent four crequiers counterchanged. (alvernazes chefe [Albernaz]) p. 261 iv XXXI/rb {There may be a cant here: vernacao = foliation/greenery. Use of plants may cant.} L2: (That would make sense.) 277. Gules, two thistles slipped conjoined in pale vert between and sustained by two lions rampant combattant Or armed azure. (cardoso chefe [Cardoso]) p. 262 i XXXI/rc {This is a cant on 'cardo', thistle.} {Godinho draws the thistles differently than the standard Scots mode; they have large heads but vestigial leaves. The bottom thistle is eradicated of Or roots.} L2: (That's what I get from Du Cros. The leaves are tiny and not thistle-like at all.) 278. Or, five partridges close in saltire proper. (perdigam chefe [Perdigao]) p. 262 ii XXXI/rd {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "partridge" is "perdigo". The partridges are grey with red feet and beaks.} {Godinho draws the partridges with a distinctive 'proper' coloration but not quite like any real partridge. They have red legs and beaks (like the red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa) as well as white patches on the face that are similar to that species, but they have the distinctive black mark of their belly of the true partridge (perdix perdix.) The intent is unquestionably that of a partridge proper.} 279. Chevronely of six pieces countercompany argent and sable and Or. (do avinhal chefe [Vinhal]) p. 262 iii XXXI/vb {Godinho shows the chevronels as countercompony. ???Check; I think it's Or three chevronels, but look up.} L2: (It's countercompony. The field is, indeed, chevronely. At least two chevrons get cut off at the top of the field.) 280. Azure, a crescent inverted argent a bordure gules. (alpoee chefe [Alpoim]) p. 262 iv XXXI/va 281. Per pale (Gules, issuant from a mount a tree vert.) and (Gules, otop a mount vert a tower argent masoned sable.) (carvalho chefe [Carvalho]) p. 263 i XXXI/vc {This cants; Carvalho is an oak (one kind of oak)} {In Godinho, the roots of the tree are Or.} L2: (In Du Cros the roots aren't visible.) 282. Checky argent and Or, three pallets gules. (de busi chefe [Buzio]) p. 263 ii 283. Quarterly 1 and 4 ( Argent, a tree vert.) 2 and 3 (Azure a cross bottony Or voided azure.) (Magalhanes chefe [Magalhaes]) p. 263 iii XXXI/vd {The trees are blazoned as being pines and the cross is blazoned as being flory in the Portuguese and French blazon.} {Godinho shows the tree as default (not 'erased'; this isn't used for trees. The 'erasure' is the default. ???fix blazon?} {Also, Godinho shows the cross as fleury.} L2: (Blazon is fixed. Cross is floretty.) 284. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Argent, a bull passant gules.) 2 and 3 (Checky argent and gules.) (Maracote chefe [Maracote]) p. 263 iv XXXII/rb 285. Azure, three crescents conjoined at the points in pall Or. (froees chefe [Frois]) p. 264 i XXXII/rc {Blazon this as a lunel of three crescents in pall???} {This device could also be blazoned as Azure, a trefoil Or voided azure. ???? This is a BAD idea; a trefoil voided in SCA would have a slip which this doesn't, and would have the crescents one and two, which this doesn't. Omit comment?} L2: (I prefer to keep the blazon I've got, since I've already defined a lunel as being four crescents. However, the blazon has it as "a lunel of three..." so maybe I will change it. Your point about the alternate blazon is well taken. It will go.) 286. Or, five fleur-de-lys in saltire azure on a bordure vert five wolves passant Or. (lobeira chefe [Lobeira]) p. 264 ii XXXII/rd {This is a cant. In Portuguese "lobo" means "wolf".} {Godinho shows only five wolves passant on the bordure. Their disposition is somewhat unusual. The wolves in chief are passant to dexter (there are wo of them), as is the one in the base. The two on the sides of the escutcheon have their feet to center and their heads to chief.} L2: (This is what Du Cros has. This is not unusual for creatures on a bordure in Du Cros.) 287. Azure, three orbs Or. (freelas chefe [Frielas]) p. 264 iii XXXII/va {This device could also be blazoned as Azure, three roundels each with a cross formy issuant from chief Or.} {Godinho definitely draws theseas orbs, with three dimensionality and a center 'band' and 'band' across the top. Blazoning as roundels with crosses issuant would be inappropriate. The cross is also couped not paty; which isn't important for purposes of an orb but ??? may be worth noting. Also, 'paty' isn't used in SCA blazon any more; substitute formy???} L2: (Du Cros has the crosses as paty/formy. ) 288. Vert, on a bend argent two lions passant bendwise Or. (Antan g[onça]l[e]z chefe [Conçalves]) p. 264 iv {The Portuguese and French blazon has the lions as purpure.} {Charges on a bend are bendwise by default; remove from blazon???} L2: (I'm assuming SCA defaults here. Has the rule that charges on a bend are assumed to be palewise been changed?) 289. Azure, five mascles conjoined in cross Or. (fuseiro chefe [Fuseiro]) p. 265 i XXXII/vb {This might be a cant of of the heraldic term "fusil".} {???Look into whether 'fuseiro' comes from a word meaning 'spindle' it may cant on the original. I believe heraldic 'fusil' comes from such an origin.} 290. Per pale (Gules, atop a natural ford a tower gules masoned sable.) and (Argent, a tree erased vert.) (moraes chefe [Morais]) p. 265 ii XXXII/vc {The ford is argent with dark wave crests. The tincture is sable in the emblazon, but azure in the blazon. This might also be a canting device since "mar" means "sea" in Portuguese. The base is blazoned as a river (rio) in the blazon, though.} {Actually the cant here is on 'amorerira', mulberry tree, rather than 'mar', sea. ???Omit canting speculation above, or keep in addition?} {Godinho shows the ford as argent with blue wavy lines.} L2: (Why not keep the speculation. Du Cros has the ford as mostly silver.) 291. Per saltire Or and sable, a lion rampant counterchanged. (vnha chefe [Unha]) p. 265 iii XXXII/vd {This may cant on 'Unha', meaning claw.} 292. Barry of six pieces Or and azure. (almas chefe [Alma]) p. 266 iv XXXIII/ra 293. Or, five fleur-de-lys in saltire and on a chief gules a latin cross bottony fesswise Or voided hummety argent. (martin rodrigves chefe [Rodrigues) p. 266 i {The cross is blazoned as being flory.} 294. Argent, four pallets gules. (refoies chefe [Refoios]) p. 266 ii XXXIII/rb {Godinho has this as argent four pallets gules. Is the tincture a typo??? Is it drawn paly or as pallets in de cros???} L2: (It was a typo.) 295. Or, five escutcheons in saltire gules. (barvança chefe [Barbança]) p. 266 iii XXXIII/rc 296. Gules, nine escutcheons three, three, and three argent each charged with a cross bottony vert. (Moreira chefe [Moreira]) p. 266 iv XXXIII/rd {The crosses are blazoned as being flory.} {Godinho shows the crosses as flory. ???Blazon them as 3, 3 and 3? They are in Godinho.} L2: (The crosses are bottony in Du Cros emblazons. Yes.) 297. Gules, issuant from a base of a natural ocean proper three natural hills vert, issuant from the hills two columns Or in chief conjoined to the columns two escutcheons (azure each charged with five plates in saltire), overall a lion rampant Or. (Nicolao coelho [Coelho]) p. 267 i XXXIII/va {The blazon has the base as barry wavy argent and argent. The emblazon has it as azure with dark tinctured wave crests.} {Godinho has the 'natural ocean' as argent with blue wavy details (but not barry wavy. There is only one mount vert in base. The lion is atop the hill, rather than overall. (???Is this a misrepresentation of de Cros, or a true difference?) The blazon should be reordered to put the primary charges first: Gules, a lion rampant Or between two columns Or, atop each column an escutcheon azure charged with five plates in saltire, the lion and columns both atop a mount vert issuant from a natural ocean proper. Or something like that???} L2: (The blazon from Du Cros is correct in this case. The lion is overall. I have slightly changed my blazon to reflect this. 298. Argent, nine roundels three, three, and three gules. (teive chefe [Teive]) p. 267 ii XXXIII/vb 299. Gules, an olive tree erased vert fructed Or overall in base a greyhound couchant argent collared Or. (cordovil chefe [Cordovil]) p. 267 iii XXXIII/vc {Godinho shows the tree fructed and eradicated Or, and shows the collar of the greyhound chained to the trunk of the tree, also Or.} L2: (Du Cros has Or fructing but vert eradicating and no chain.) 300. Quarterly Or and ermine. (boteto chefe [Boteto]) p. 267 iv XXXIII/vd 301. Gules, five mullets of eight points in saltire Or. (Alvelos chefe [Alvelos]) p. 268 i XXXIIII/ra 302. Or, on three bars gules nine mullets of six points three, three, and three argent. (Avelar chefe [Avelar]) p. 268 ii XXXIIII/rc {The mullets are arranged so that they are on the gules bars.} L2: (I have changed the blazon from barry to bars.) 303. Gules, five keys wards to chief and dexter in saltire Or. (chaves chefe) p. 268 iii XXXIIII/rb {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "key" is "chaves".} {Godinho shows the wards to chief and to dexter. Is this default???} L2: (I don't know so I've blazoned it explicitly. More cat blackmail time....) 304. Barry gules and Or, a bordure gules seme of crescents argent. (beeça chefe [Beça]) p. 268 iv XXXIIII/rd {Godinho shows a couple of the crescents on the bordure following the line of the bordure (tilting) but most are palewise.} L2: (Ditto for Du Cros.) 305. Or, a double-headed eagle displayed gules maintaining in its claws a crescent argent. (montarroyo chefe [Monterroio]) p. 269 XXX i IIII/va {Godinho shows the crescent as unusually long and thin like a scimitar blade.} L2: (Same for Du Cros.) 306. Azure, nine plates in saltire between four crosses bottony Or voided hummety azure. (farinha chefe [Farinha]) p. 269 ii XXXIIII/vc {Godinho shows the crosses as flory rather than bottony.} L2: (Du Cros emblazons them as bottony. They are blazoned as floretty in the Portuguese and French.) 307. Checky argent and Or. (Cotrim chefe [Cotrim]) p. 269 iii XXXIIII/vb {Godinho shows this as checky Or and azure. ???Is the argent a typo?} L2: (No.) 308. Gules, five fig leaves in saltire vert. (figeiredo chefe [Figeiredo]) p. 269 iv XXXIIII/vd {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "fig" is "figueira".} 309. Gules, an olive tree eradicated vert. (oliveira chefe [Oliveira]) p. 270 i XXXV/ra {This is a cant on oliveira, olive tree.} {Godinho shows the roots and some of the trunk as Or. He does not depict any fructing.} L2: (Du Cros has the tree as vert. He doesn't have any fructing either.) 310. Gules, five keys palewise wards to chief and dexter in saltire argent. (cogominho chefe [Cogominho]) p. 270 ii XXXV/rc {You didn't say "reversed": are they inverted in do Cros???} L2: (No. I've changed the blazon to better show their positions.) 311. Argent, on a bend azure between two trees vert a lion passant Or armed gules. (careirro chefe [Carreiro]) p. 270 iii XXXV/rb {In Godinho, there's a bend rather than a fess. ???Is this a typo in de Cros? Also, there is no such thing as a tree erased; this is probably the default.} L2: (It's a bend. I've changed the blazon.) {The trees are blazoned as pines.} 312. Vert, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (marinho chefe [Marinho]) p. 270 iv 313. Azure, five candles in saltire Or flamed gules. (bramdam chefe [Brandao]) p. 271 i XXXV/rd {The candles are blazoned as torches. This is a cant. The Portuguese for "torch" is "brando".} {Godinho shows these as twisted candles, also Or.} 314. Azure, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (carilhos chefe [Carrilho]) p. 271 ii 315. Azure, on a chevron between three vases argent three mullets of six points gules. (sodre chefe [Sodre]) p. 271 iii XXXV/ra 316. Gules, five axes in saltire hafts Or, heads argent. (machado chefe [Machado]) p. 271 iv XXXV/vb {This is a cant. In Portuguese "machado" means "battle- axe", or "axe" in general.} {Godinho blazons these with Or hafts and argent heads. I don't think there's a proper for axes, blazon de Cros explicitly???} L2: (I've changed the blazon. Of course there's a proper for axes. Argent head, brown haft.) 317. Vert, on a bend wavy argent seme of fish proper. (sardinha chefe [Sardinha]) p. 272 i XXXV/vc {The fish are argent. This is, of course, a cant. The fish are blazoned as sardines.} 318. Quarterly 1 (Or, on a double-headed eagle displayed sable a crescent gules.) 2 (Gules, three escallops argent.) 3 (Gules, a tower argent.) 4 (Or, three escutcheons argent each charged with a cross throughout gules.). (diogo fernandes [Correia]) p. 272 ii 319. Azure, on a palm tree couped Or a raven rising sable. (johan lopez [Lopes]) p. 272 iii {The raven is passant wings elevated sable.} 320. Per pale (Or, issuant from the line of division a double headed eagle sable.) and (Gules, two bars argent.) (Andre Rodriges [Rodrigez]) p. 272 iv L2: (I've changed the blazon to better reflect the position of the eagle.) 321. Per pale (Per fess Or and vert, an double-headed eagle displayed sable and a tower argent.) and (Argent, a lion rampant gules.) (Jorje afonso [Afonso]) p. 273 i 322. Azure, on a cross couped gules between four wolves passant another argent. (lobia chefe [Lobia]) p. 273 ii XXXVI/ra {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "wolf" is "lobo".} {Godinho has lambs rather than wolves!!! Big difference; is this a mistake in your notes or a real discrepancy? No fair claiming that Godinho is showing wolves in sheep's clothing :-)} L2: (The blazon and the emblazon have wolves. Though the way that they're drawn makes them look as much like lambs as wolves. I think that given the cant thisi is correct.) 323. Azure, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (geedez chefe [Guedes]) p. 273 iii XXXV/vd 324. Argent, four pallets, overall on a bend vert five lozenges argent. (frança chefe [França]) p. 273 iv XXXVI/rb {Godinho shows this as argent four pallets vert instead of paly.} L2: (The blazon has been changed.) 335. Gules, a lion rampant Or armed azure between four martlets Or. (gramacho chefe [Gramaxo]) p. 274 i XXXVI/rc {Godinho does not show any martlets.} L2: (They're there in Du Cros, but they're small.) 336. Gules, three bends argent each charged with ermine spots bendwise sable. (castanhedo chefe [Castanheda]) p. 274 ii XXXVI/rd {Godinho gives art which would lead me to blazon this as gules three bendlets ermine. There are two spots in the chiefmos, four on the middle and three on the bottom; all in all the correct number to fill the space. The spots are bendwise, following the bend...} L2: (The blazon has been changed. Du Cros has the ermine spots as 2,5, and 3.) 337. Quarterly 1 and 4 (Vert, five heads of wheat in saltire Or.) 2 and 3 (Gules, a fess argent.) (trigeiros chefe [Trigeiros]] p. 274 iii XXXVI/va {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "wheat" is "trigo".} 338. Azure, five escallops in saltire argent. (barosos chefe [Barroso]) p. 274 iv XXXVI/vb 339. Azure, a griffin segreant sable armed and langued gules. (revaldo chefe [Revaldo]) p. 275 i XXXVI/vc {The griffin in Godinho is armed and langed gules.} L2: (So it is.) 340. Or, six roundels gules, two, two, and two. (dovtiz chefe [Outis]) p. 275 ii XXXVI/vd 341. Argent, a cross couped gules fructed at each corner and the middle of each arm of an brown acorn capped vert proper. (bulham chefe [Bulhao]) p. 275 iii XXXVII/rb {This cants on 'bellota' (Spanish for acorn.)} {As drawn in Godinho it isn't really a cross toulouse; more like a cross couped with acorns coming out of the middle and ends of the arms of each cross.} L2: (The blazon has been changed.) 342. Azure, ten scarpes Or. (azaredo chefe [Azeredo]) p. 275 iv XXXVII/rc {Godinho shows this as azure 10 scarpes Or (or bendy sinister of 21}; many more stripes than the usual nine or six one finds in Godinho.} L2: (Du Cros has an identical emblazon.) 343. Gules, five quatrefoils in saltire Or. (travaços chefe) p. 276 i XXXVII/rd {Godinho draws these like dogwood flowers; they are definitely meant to be natural flowers rather than geometric stylizations.} L2: (This is the same in Du Cros.) 344. Or, six bendlets argent. (lex chefe [lei]) p. 276ii XXXVII/va {Godinho has this as Or six bendlets argent. Is the 'barry' blazon a typo???} L2: (Yes. The blazon has been changed.) 345. Argent, on a bend countercompony argent and gules a bendlet sable. (quintall chefe [Quintal]) p. 276 iii XXXVII/vb {Blazon idiom is just countercompony, not compony counter-compony!???} L2: (The blazon has been changed.) 346. Gules, a base pointed argent. (do caanto chefe [Canto]) p. 276 iv XXXVII/vc {This is a cant on 'canto' meaning corner or cornerstone. It has straight sides (unlike some depictions of a point pointed.} {The device is blazoned as Argent, mantled gules.} 347. Argent, three lizards passant fesswise in pale vert armed gules. (lagartos chefe [Lagarto]) p. 277 i XXXVII/vd {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "lizard" is "lagartos".} {Godinho draws these as if they were 'proper'; green on top fading to a tan color on the underside of the animal. They are not armed of any particular tincture.} L2: (They aren't armed of any particular color in the Du Cros emblazon but they are in the blazon. They are dark green on top fading to light green on the bottom, but they are green.) 348. Argent, a tree eradicated vert. (picanços chefe [Picanços]) p. 277 ii XXXVIII/ra 349. Azure, three bendlets gules. (Os fexoes chefe [Feijo]) p. 277 iii XXXVIII/rb {Godinho shows this as Azure, three bendlets gules fimbriated Or. A big discrepancy???} L2: (There is no fimbriation in Du Cros. There are three bendlets.) 340a. Argent, issuant from a fleur-de-lys two fleur-de-lys slipped gules. (rodrigo estev[e]z [Esteves]) p. 277 iv {This device is identical the the arms of Florence in both emblazon and blazon! The fleur-de-lys is blazoned as a Florentine fleur-de-lys.} 341a. Gules, an eagle displayed sable armed Or an escutcheon overall (Or fretty gules.). (Corraaos chefe [Correia]) p. 278 i XXXVIII/rc {The inescutcheon of Correia has the same cant as Correia, of course} L2: (It is worth noting that the escutcheon takes up most of the shield just barely leaving the eagle's head, wingtips, feet, and tail visible.) 342a. Argent, on a saltire gules between four escallops another escallop Or. (rocha chefe [Rocha]) p. 278 ii XXXVIII/rd 343a. Vert, on a bend wavy argent three escallops bendwise Or. (rego chefe [Rego]) p. 278 iii XXXVIII/va {The bendwise should be omitted from the blazon as default???} L2: (If this is the case. I'm still assuming SCA defaults.) 344a. Gules, a lion passant guardant Or armed azure and in chief a fleur-de-lys Or. (galhardos chefe [Galhardo]) p. 278 iv XXXVIII/vb 345a. Gules, two wyverns passant regardant in pale argent. (Dragos chefe [Drago]) p. 279 i XXXVIII/vc {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "dragon" is "drago".} {Godinho draws the wyverns at least as much statant as passant.} L2: (I like passant. It better conveys the impression that the creatures are moving.) 346a. Or, three crows passant close sable. (Corvacho chefe [Corvacho]) p. 279 ii XXXVIII/vd {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "crow" is "corvo".} 347a. Argent, three escallops azure. (camelos chefe [Camelo]) p. 279 iii 348a. Vert, a bull passant gules horned argent unguled Or. (tourinho chefe [Tourinho]) p. 279 iv {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "bull" is "touro".} 349a. Vert, issuant from a base of two mounts proper vert two columns argent conjoined in chief to two crosses paty azure. (diogo caao chefe [Cao]) p. 280 i 350. Vert, five spears bendwise in bend sinister heads argent hafts Or. (lamçoes chefe [Lançoes]) p. 280 ii {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "lances" is "lanças".} 351. Argent, on a saltire azure five bezants. (Aravia chefe [Araujo]) p. 280 iii 352. Argent, three hunting horns sable strapped and banded Or. (monteiro chefe [Monteiro]) p. 280 iv 353. Azure, five hawks close in saltire proper. (gaviam chefe [Gaviao]) p. 281 i {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "hawk" is "gavio". The hawks are grey with white legs and bellies and have red legs.} 354. Azure, five fleur-de-lys in saltire Or. (carilhos chefe [Carrilho]) p. 281 ii 355. Gules, nine leaves three, three, and three Or. (Araezez chefe [Arrais]) p. 281 iii {'Seeblatter' are German-specific charges. Why do you say these are seeblatter? Please give me a picture and discuss the blazon. Look up myself???} L2: (It must have been a typo on my part. At best they look like linden leaves (lindenblatter). They are a vaguely spade-shaped leaf with visible ribs and a stems. They look sort of like ash or birch leaves, but I'm no botanist.) 356. Gules, three bendlets azure between nine mullets of six points one, three, three, and two argent. (baros chefe [Barros]) p. 281 iv XL/rb {This cants on 'barra', a wooden or metal bar (or generic bar.} {Godinho shows this as Gules, three bendlets azure fimbriated Or between nine mullets of six points one, three, three and two argent. ???Reblazon as semy? I think so. Also, is the 'bars' a typo?} L2: (Bars is indeed a typo. It comes from the fact that I was going from the French to English. I've got no problem with calling it mullety of six if you want to.) 357. Or, a monster composed of the hind-quarters of a horse sable rampant and the upper body of a man affronty crined brown maintaining and drawing a bow sufflexed proper contourny. (johan ferna[n]dez do arco [Arco]) p. 282 i XL/rc {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "bow" is "arco".} {Godinho shows the human portion as dexter facing with the head in trian aspect. The man in Godinho has brown hair. The "horse" is drawn with cloven hooves and a lion's tail. How is it drawn in de Cros??? He is blazoned in Godinho as a sagittarius, although this wouldn't be the British form which is a classical centaur, I think???} L2: (Du Cros has the same charge but oriented to sinister. The body and head of the centaur is turned to draw a bow. I can see both breasts in the figure in Du Cros, so I count that as being affronty. I thought about calling it a "classical centaur" but the SCA default is the sextapedal creature. I've changed the blazon slightly.) 358. Argent, five keys wards to chief and dexter in saltire azure. (fagundez chefe [Fagundes]) p. 282 ii XL/rd L2: (I've changed the blazon slightly.) 359. Gules, a tilting helm affronty argent barred and collared Or between and sustained by a wolf sable and a greyhound argent collared Or combattant and on a chief vert three linden leaves inverted slipped azure. (ganboa chefe [Gamboa]) p. 282 iii {???Seeblats? What are they blazoned as in Godinho???} L2: (I've changed the blazon. The leaves look like hearts with a stem sticking out of them and going across the front of the leaf.) {Godinho does draw (and the editors blazon) the wolf as a wolf, but it is drawn as a sable greyhound (with the folded over ears instead of the pricked ears of all the other wolves. The leaves on the chief are fimbriated Or.} L2: (What's the page number in Godhino? No fimbriation on my leaves. The wolf is a wolf with pricked ears. The chief is very thin.) 360. Argent, five wolves passant in saltire sable a canton of Castille. (Dom Joham b[is]po de tanjer [Lobo]) p. 282 iv {This is a cant. The Portuguese word for "wolf" is "lobo".} 361. Per pale (Argent, a bordure compony argent and gules.) and (Gules, two pallets argent.) (Sevirin [Severim]) p. 283 i XL/vc {In Godinho, the bordure of the dexter arms goes all the way around, unlike impalement in England where the bordure stops at the per pale line seperating the two sets of arms. ???Discuss?} L2: (It's the same in Du Cros. It's worth mentioning, esp. since there are some other devices that do somewhat the same thing.) 362. Barry of six Or and azure. (Do presno [Presno]) p. 283 ii XL/vd 363. Purpure, a lamb passant within an orle of rope argent. (Dom frei Anriq[ue] b[is]po de ceta [Coimbra]) p. 283 iii 364. Barry indented azure and argent a franc-quartier of (Per pale (Gules, a double headed eagle displayed argent crowned and armed Or.) and (Azure, a cross potenty between five sets of crosslets couped in saltire the centermost cross within an annulet Or.). (lois allverez d aveio [Aveiro]) p. 283 iv {The "franc-quartier" extends to cover most of the upper two thirds of the shield, leaving only a thin sinister side and the bottom third of the field visible.} 365. Per pale (Or, issuant from the line of division a double headed eagle sable.) and (Gules, a distilling glass argent. (Esteuem martinz, mester escola [Martins]) p. 284 i {The sinister charge looks vaguely like a spear head reversed or an amphora without handles. The Portuguese word for the charge is "Almarraxa" ???Can we get a picture of this for the paper? I can't find the word in my Portuguese-English dict which implies it's technical or obscure.} L2: (Imagine a round, narrow necked pitcher with long tail. Sort of like: v O ! But that makes it look more like a syringe.) 366. Vert, issuant from a base barry wavy azure and a tower argent roofed checky Or and azure masoned sable between in chief two mullets of six points Or. (de Riba fria Chefe [Ribafria]) p. 285 i XLII/ra {Godinho shows the 'ford' as a flat base barry wavy argent and azure (as opposed to a ford which has a wavy line at the top of the base. I would also blazon the tower as between IN CHIEF two mullets of six points Or.) L2: (The blazon has been changed.) 367. Gules, five towers in saltire Or masoned sable. (Armas d[e] Di[ego] de torres [Torres]) p. 286 i L2: (The blazon has been changed to fix a typo.) 368. Azure a tower singly towered Or firing cannon sable fired gules [Menajem] XXXII/ra {The cannon issue from the top of the main tower, where there are four, and two from the sides of the main tower.} 369. Gules a tower argent roofed azure topped by a weather vane Or [Saldanha] XXXVI/ra {The tower has a peaked roof coming out of the standard tower type top ???check. The weather vane is very small but is in all the blazons, it may be considered significant.} 370. Azure a mount of six hillocks brown proper, couped, issuant therefrom three branches vert, detailed Or, each branch ending in a cinquefoils gules seeded Or, on a chief azure three fleurs-de-lys Or overall a label gules, the whole bordered of a filled bordure Or. [Sernige] XL/ra {This is drawn on a jousting shield; the small bordure is blazoned in all three languages.} L2: (What do you mean by filled bordure? Is there a need to blazon the gold details? I haven't for Du Cros - since it's in all the emblazons and none of the blazons.) 371. Per pale gules and azure a lion rampant Or armed and langued sable within a bordure Or charged alternately with four fleurs-de-lys argent fimbriated azure and four fig leaves stems to center vert. [Neto] XL/vd L2: (I'm not doubting that the fimbriation is there, but is it really part of the blazon? Du Cros' emblazons (and the blazons) break tincture often enough that I don't think that it matters in Portuguese heraldry.) 372. Quarterly 1: Argent a bend sable. 2: Azure a fess indented Or. 3: Azure a fess argent fretty gules 4: Argent a lion rampant sable charged with a bendlet gules, within an orle of billets sable. [Esmeraldo] XLI/ra {The bendlet on the lion is very thin ???check tinctures.} L2: (Metacomment. I learned the grammar of SCA blazon from Talan who always had me put a comma after the field tinctures and before the primary charge. e.g. "Or, a fess gules." Is this standard?) 373. Vert a roofed tower argent sustained by two wolves combattant sable langued gules. [Camara de Lobos] XLI/rb {This cants on 'lobo', wolf and 'camara', chamber.} 374. Gules a lion rampant between four fleurs-de-lys in cross Or. [Sande] XLI/rc {Note that the fleurs-de-lys are extremely small and slightly overlain by the lion's extremities.} 375. Quarterly 1 and 4: Gules a tower argent topped by a bell tower all pierced by arrows Or and issuant from the bell tower two banners in chevron argent, 2: Argent three bars gules, 3: Gules two cannon in pale sable wheeled Or. [Leitao, Christovam] XLI/rd {The cannon are shown slightly bendwise but mostly fesswise (tipped up a bit, naturally.) ???Blazon as bombards? What's the difference?} L2: (A bombard is a very short, wide-mouthed cannon. A cannon is longer and narrower.) 376. Azure five mullets of six points in saltire Or [Macedo] XLI/va 377. Gules in fess four lances Or surmounted by a sword fesswise reversed proper, a bordure vert charged alternately with four gauntlets aversant, four vambraces??? and four daggers proper [Cabral, Jorge Diaz] XLI/vb {Proper for the armor is dark grey metal. Proper for the daggers is silver blade, black hilt, and gold pommel and quillion. The daggers are in cross with the ones in chief and base points to sinister, and the ones to dexter and to sinister points to base. There are two gauntlets in chief around the top dagger, and one under each dagger in fess. These all are palewise, and are of the mitten gauntlet style. The vambraces fill the remaining space.} L2: (Sounds like arms of an SCA fighter type. Sometimes heraldry surprises you.) 378. Per pale Or a lion rampant purpure armed and langued gules and Argent a bend azure semy of quatrefoils gules and charged with three mullets of eight points argent [Perestrelo] XLI/vc {This cants on 'estrella', star} {The lion is drawn in a pinkish color. The quatrevoils are shown as two sets of three between the mullets, each set of three being in bend sinister.} 379. Or in pale five leather belts fesswise throughout gules, buckles and fittings argent, a bordure azure charged with five fleurs-de-lys argent. [Mesquitas] XLI/vd {The bottom two fleurs-de-lys are not palewise but follow the line of the shield.} 380. Argent in pale two goats statant sable [Bayam] XLII/rc 381. Gules five armored arms with bare hands, each with forearm fesswise and upper arm palewise (???how to blazon this? reversed L?) each maintaining a sword proper, on a chief azure a cross fleury argent between four escallops two and two Or, on a point pointed argent an escutcheon azure charged with five plates in saltire between in fess two brown stone idols proper, the pedestals and legs palewise and the trunks with heads fallen to the outside, in base. [Manicongo, King of] VII/rd {The idols are blazoned as being 'stone', but depicted as brown.} L2: (What is the arrangement of the arms, in saltire, in pale, or 2,2, and 1? I would blazon them as embowed.) 382. Portugal with a label of three points argent, the dexter point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Castile and Leon, quartered. [Luis, Infante] VII/vd 383. Portugal with a label of three points argent, the dexter point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Castile and Leon, quartered and the sinister point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Aragon. [Fernando, Infante] VIII/ra 384. Portugal with a label of three points argent, the dexter point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Castile and Leon, quartered, the center point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of England and the sinister point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Aragon. [Afonso, Infante] VIII/rb 385. Portugal with a label of three points argent, the dexter point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of England, the center point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Aragon, and the sinister point surmounted by a billet displaying the impaled arms of Jerusalem and Hungary. [Henrique, Infante] VIII/rc 387. Argent, impaled with the arms of Portugal. [Isabel, Infanta] VIII/va {This is presumably a way of showing "unmarried daughter." Both Infantas have the same 'arms.'} L2: (Yeah, think of it as an advertisement for Princes. "Your arms could be here!") 388. Argent, impaled with the arms of Portugal. [Beatriz, Infanta] VIII/vb {This is presumably a way of showing "unmarried daughter." Both Infantas have the same 'arms.'} 389. Portugal with a label of three points argent, the dexter point surmounted by a billet displaying the impaled arms of Jerusalem and Hungary, and the center point surmounted by a billet displaying the arms of Aragon and Sicily marshalled in saltire [Duarte, Infante] [Antonio, Infante] VIII/vc {Check to see, isn't sicily already per saltire?} finis! Joao du Cros, Antonio Machado De Faria, ed. Livro Do Armeiro-Mor, Academia Portuguesa da Historia, Lisboa; 1955. facsimile of 1509 manuscript. Steiner, Roger J. Bantam New College French and English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York; 1988. ISBN 0-553-27411-2 L2: (You should add bibliographic data for Godhino and your dictionaries.) ??